Association of gastric lymphofollicular hyperplasia with Helicobacter-like organisms in dogs

Research Areas: Veterinary SciencesABSTRACT - Background: The relationships among gastric lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (GLFH), Helicobacter-like organisms (HLOs), and clinical signs have not been established in dogs. Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic findings associated with GLFH in dogs, and determine the association of GLFH with HLOs and the French Bulldog (FB) breed. Animals: Two hundred eighty-eight dogs that underwent gastroscopy between 2013 and 2016. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Gastric biopsy samples were reviewed and scored for inflammation and HLOs. Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (63 FBs), group 2 (45 non-FB brachycephalic dogs), and group 3 (180 nonbrachycephalic dogs). Variables were evaluated for their association with GLFH. Results: Univariate analysis determined that intact males, young age, vomiting, gastroscopic findings (discoloration, hemorrhage, and ulcers), and histopathologic findings (gastric lamina propria lymphocytic infiltration and HLO score) were associated with GLFH (P ≤ .03). In the multivariate analysis, GLFH was associated with the HLO score (odds ratio [OR] > 5 for HLO scores 1-2 and >15 for HLO score of 3; P < .001), with vomiting (OR > 4; P = .01) but not with FB breed (P = .76) and age (P = .1). The HLO score was associated with younger age (P < .001). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The HLO score was associated with a high GLFH score. Vomiting was associated with GLFH. Helicobacter-like organisms are highly prevalent in young dogs and GLFH is indirectly associated with this factor. Clinical relevance of the identification of GLFH and HLO remains to be determined.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Le détroit de Gibraltar

As they received much media coverage, the assaults on the fences at Ceuta and Melilla in autumn 2005 and the continuous flow of migrants to the Canary Islands in 2006 defined a new perception of migratory phenomena. Since the beginning of the 90’s, the Strait of Gibraltar, the natural limit of Europe, had become the nodal point, the very centre, of transmediterranean illegal immigration. Since the apparition of the common frontier of Schengen, it has caught and spread all legal and technical evolutions set by the European Union to fight illegal migrations. A real testing laboratory for the outsourcing of European migratory policy and of Maghreb cooperation, the Strait of Gibraltar has emerged as a model «frontier-setting» in the Schengen zone, but also as the symbol of its lack of efficiency. Migrants’ resourcefulness and capacity to get round European systems and devices underline the total inefficiency of a closing-the-borders policy led without any plan of developing the countries they come from

Aide au diagnostic face à un chat présenté en consultation pour une dyspnée

La dyspnée chez le chat peut avoir de multiples causes ce qui rend son diagnostic étiologique difficile. Pour aider le praticien dans cette tâche, l'auteur propose une démarche diagnostique logique et claire, réalisée à partir de données bibliographiques et résumée sous forme d'algorithmes simplifiés. Cette approche pratique standardise la conduite clinique et stimule la réflexion afin d'établir un diagnostic même dans des cas compliqués.)NANTES-Ecole Nat.Vétérinaire (441092302) / SudocSudocFranceF

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence of complications after tracheal stenting in dogs

Abstract Background Stenting has become popular to treat tracheal collapse in dogs, but complications might arise and negatively affect treatment outcome. Objectives Determine the overall prevalence of complications of tracheal stenting in dogs. Methods A bibliographic search was performed of publications from 2000 to 2020. Studies were assessed for quality of evidence and measured prevalence of the 8 most commonly reported complications after tracheal stenting in dogs (stent fracture, stent migration, relapsing collapse, granuloma formation, tracheobronchial infections, and early, late, and clinically relevant late cough). Random effects meta‐analyses were used to estimate pooled complications prevalence. Results Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Cough (early: 99%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 95%–100%, late: 75%; 95% CI: 63%–85%, and clinically relevant: 52%; 95% CI: 42%–61%), tracheobronchial infections (24%; 95% CI: 14%–35%), and granulomas (20%; 95% CI: 11%–30%) were common after tracheal stenting. Stent fractures (12%; 95% CI: 5%–20%), relapsing collapse (10%; 95% CI: 5%–15%), and stent migration (5%; 95% CI: 1%–9%) were less frequent. Significant heterogeneity among studies was identified for the estimated prevalence of stent fracture, granulomas, infections, and late cough. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Tracheal stenting in dogs is associated with a high risk of coughing and a moderate risk of tracheobronchial infections and granuloma formation. Because most complications will impact a dog's quality of life, owners must be informed that tracheal stenting is a second‐line procedure that does not necessarily alleviate the need for medical treatment and frequent follow‐up visits. Additional studies are warranted to identify the risk factors of these complications

Effets de facteurs sociaux sur la résistance de l’abeille Apis mellifera au parasite Nosema ceranae

--BUTS DE L'ETUDE : Etudier les effets du nombre d’abeilles, de la présence de QMP (phéromone mandibulaire de la reine) et de la résistance naturelle au Varroa sur la résistance de l’abeille Apis mellifera au parasite Nosema ceranae. --METHODES & TECHNIQUES : Expériences en laboratoire dans des cagettes avec les différents facteurs. Analyse statistique avec le logiciel XLStat. --RESULTATS : Le Nosema augmente la mortalité dans les groupes de 30 et 100 abeilles avec ou sans QMP. La QMP diminue la mortalité des cagettes de 5 abeilles et améliore leur résistance au parasite. Les cagettes de 5 abeilles ont une mortalité plus élevée. Pas d’effets des facteurs sociaux sur la consommation de nourriture, ni sur le nombre de spores. Pas de différence de mortalité et de nombre de spores de Nosema entre les ruches naturellement résistantes au Varroa et les non résistantes. --CONCLUSIONS : Utiliser des cagettes de 30 abeilles car les cagettes de 100 donnent les mêmes résultats et les cagettes de 5 sont plus sensibles à la mortalité. Les abeilles par petits groupes sont sans doute plus stressées que les groupes plus gros et ont par conséquent besoin de QMP pour survivre--AIMS OF THE STUDY : To study the effects of the number of bees, the presence of QMP (queen mandibular pheromone) and natural resistance towards Varroa on resistance to the parasite Nosema ceranae in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) --MATERIALS & METHODS : Cage experiments in laboratory using the different factors. Statistical analyses using XlStat software. --RESULTS : Nosema increases mortality in cages of 30 and 100 bees, with or without QMP. QMP decreases the mortality of bees in cage of 5 and increases their resistance to the parasite. No effects of social factors on the rate of sugar consumption, nor on the number of spores in the bees. No difference in the mortality or number of spores between the naturally Varroa-resistant hives and the non resistant ones. --CONCLUSIONS : Using 30 bees per cage gives the same result as using cages of 100 bees and is less sensitive to mortality than using cages of 5 bees. It is possible that bees in small groups are more stressed than larger groups and therefore need QMP in order to survive

Treatment of recurrent hunting‐associated respiratory distress episodes in 2 dogs

Abstract Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE) in hunting dogs is an uncommon and poorly described condition for which no preventive treatment is available. Two dogs were presented for recurrent respiratory distress strictly associated with hunting activities. Diagnosis was based on bilateral, symmetrical, interstitial‐to‐alveolar pattern in the caudodorsal lung fields on thoracic radiographs, exclusion of other causes, and spontaneous clinical and radiographic improvement. Considering that the pathogenesis of exercise‐induced NCPE likely involves α‐ and β‐adrenergic overstimulation, treatment with sympathetic blockers was used in both dogs. The first dog no longer showed respiratory signs during hunting activities. However, treatment failed to prevent respiratory distress in the other dog. Based on the large number of red blood cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the second dog, exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage was suspected, as described in racing horses. The loop diuretic furosemide successfully prevented further hunting‐associated respiratory distress episodes in this dog

Subjective assessment of frequency distribution histograms and consequences on reference interval accuracy for small sample sizes: A computer-simulated study

BACKGROUND: Inaccuracy in estimating reference intervals (RIs) is a problem with small sample sizes. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the most accurate statistical methods to estimate RIs based on sample size and population distribution shape. We also studied the accuracy of sample frequency distribution histograms to retrieve the original population distribution and compared strategies based on the histogram and goodness-of-fit test. METHODS: The statistical methods that best enhanced accuracy were determined for various sample sizes (n = 20-60) and population distributions (Gaussian, log-normal, and left-skewed) were determined by repeated-measures ANOVA and posthoc analyses. Frequency distribution histograms were built from 900 samples of five different sizes randomly extracted from six simulated populations. Three reviewers classified the population distributions from visual assessments of a sample histogram, and the classification error rate was calculated. RI accuracy was compared among the strategies based on the histograms and goodness-of-fit tests. RESULTS: The parametric, nonparametric, and robust methods enhanced lower reference limit estimation accuracy for Gaussian, log-normal, and left-skewed distributions, respectively. The parametric, nonparametric bootstrap, and nonparametric methods enhanced the upper limit estimation accuracy for Gaussian, log-normal, and left-skewed distributions, respectively. Regardless of sample size, sample histogram assessments properly classified the original population distribution 71% to 93.9% of the time, depending on the reviewers. In this study, the strategy based on histograms assessed by the statistician was significantly more precise and accurate than the strategy based on the goodness-of-fit test (P \u3c 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A strategy based on histograms might enhance the accuracy of RI estimations. However, relevant inter-reviewer variations in histogram interpretation were detected. Factors affecting inter-reviewer variations should be further explored