Miről árulkodnak a cseppkövek? - A barlangok világa

Human is descended from cave-dwelling ancestors; therefore the dark caves have struck the people with awe. In the nature there are several types of the caves, of which genesis is connected mostly to the limestones and to the dissolving effect of the water; however, there are other natural caverns originating syngenetic with the rocks. The principally known formations of the caves are the dripstones, which are slowly forming, vulnerable natural values. Nevertheless, they have also other significance, because due to up-to-date investigation methods of materials testing new knowledge can be achieved concerning their genesis and age, moreover about the climatic conditions which were dominant during their origin

A hazai tengeri egerien makro- és mikrofauna paleoökológiai-faciológiai kutatása a medence-batimetria és szekvencia-sztratigráfia szempontjából = The paleoecological and faciological investigations of the Egerian marine macro and microfauna based on the bathymetry and sequence stratigraphy in Hungarian basins

A kutatási tervnek megfelelően az egri emelet képződményeit számos, részben már korábban is ismert fúrás és feltárás szelvényében vizsgáltuk újra a legújabb ökológiai adatok és módszerek segítségével. A felismert ? részben új ? biofácieseket elsősorban az egykori tengermélység szempontjából értékeltük a modern szedimentológia nyújtotta lehetőségeket is felhasználva. A biofáciesek részletes kidolgozása a végzett kutatások legfontosabb alapadat-bázisa (1. fejezet), melyből újabb irányokban is tovább tudtunk lépni. Így a Kelet-Mátra területén 5 db 1200 m mély magfúrás rétegsorának makrofaunára alapozott biofácies elemzése a rétegsor üledékeinek pontos ökológiai történetét nyújtotta (2. fejezet: publikáció elfogadva), hasonló munka van folyamatban más területekről is (3. fejezet). A mikrofauna reviziójára több fúrás és feltárás szelvényéből került sor, rétegtani és ökológiai szempontokból. Ezek alapján harmadrendű szekvencia sztratigráfiai határokat sikerült rögzíteni (4. fejezet). A kelet-mátrai rétegsorban szabályosan ismétlődő tengerszint ingadozást tudtunk kimutatni, amely oszcilláció eusztatikus eredetű és az antarktiszi jégtakaró térfogatváltozásának a következménye, a jég tömegének nagysága viszont klímafüggő. A ciklusok kb. 100 000 éves periodusokat jelentenek, melyet a MILANKOVITCH és BACSÁK féle orbitális perturbációk jeleként értelmezünk. A molluszka fauna ökológiájának és az ősföldrajzi viszonyoknak a részletes értékelése alapján felismertük, hogy az antarktiszi jégtakaró kialakulásának története nyomokat hagyott a Paratethys oligocén-alsó miocén rétegsorában is (5. fejezet). | Egerian sediments were reviewed in the lights of new developments in paleoecology. This material has been previously studied and documented from numerous boreholes and outcrops. The recognized new biofacies, were studied concerning paleowater depth using modern methods of sedimentology. The detailed analyses of these biofacies is the most important database of our studies, a stepping stone for further advancements. Thus the macrofaunal analyses of five sequences from 1200m deep boreholes from the East Mátra Mts. were carried out based on their macrofaunal contents. Based on these data, the exact environmental changes taking place during deposition of these sequences could be reconstructed. The microfauna of several boreholes and outcrops were reviewed from stratigraphical and paleoecological point of view. These new results made possible to reconstruct third order sequence stratigraphical boundaries. In the East Mátra Mts. sequences sealevel changes of cyclic nature were recognized, resulted by eustatic oscillations in consequence of changing of Antarctic ice cap volume, which clearly depending on global climatic changes. The cycles are believed to show about 100 000 years periodicity interpreted as orbital perturbation of MILANKOVITCH and BACSÁK. Based on the detailed paleoecological and paleogeographical analyses of molluscs it was shown, that changes of Antarctic ice cap left tracable signs in the sequences of the Paratethyan Oligocene and Lower Miocene

Ilona Valley revisited - A rich early Miocene gastropod fauna from the North Hungarian Basin

A new mollusc material from the Ilona Valley Section (Mátra Mts, Hungary) is investigated. Strata of the section represent the Ilonavölgy Member of the Pétervására Sandstone Formation. Based on geochemical data and mollusc biostratigraphy these deposits appear to be early Ottnangian in age. The mollusc fauna displays much higher diversity than was recognized in earlier studies from the locality in question and from other Ottnangian sites in the Paratethys. The rich material verifies the extended stratigraphic and palaeogeographic ranges of numerous taxa, and allows of designating 12 new gastropod species: Clanculus s. l. gulyasi n. sp., Gibbula kralli n. sp., Calliostoma nandori n. sp., Ormastralium erazmusi n. sp., Sconsia landaui n. sp., Cirsotrema kokayi n. sp., Ocinebrina deaki n. sp., Calagrassor mathiasi n. sp., Clavatula s. l. barnabasi n. sp., Clavatula s. l. istvani n. sp., Dentimargo barnai n. sp., Solatisonax pozsgayae n. sp. With 106 figures and 1 table

Hazai holocén cseppkövek paleoklimatológiai elemzése uránsorozatos korhatározás és stabil izotóp vizsgálatok alapján = Paleoclimatology of Hungarian Holocene dripstones based on U-series dating and stable isotope analyses

Célunk volt a hazai klimatológiai célú alapkutatások sorába bevonni a karbonátos barlangi képződményeket. A hazai cseppköveken alkalmazott stabilizotóp-geokémiai (>1000 adat) és a kapott nagyszámú (>250 db) uránsoros kor- és nyomelem-geokémiai adat (>10.000 adat) segítségével a pleisztocén és holocén klíma kutatásának nagy felbontású vizsgálata kezdődött meg. Jelentős módszerfejlesztés volt a víztartalmú zárványok stabilhidrogén-izotóp elemzése. Kis tömegű (1000 data) applied on local dripstones and number (>250 pc) of uranium series age and trace element geochemical data (>10,000 data), the high-resolution investigation of the Pleistocene and Holocene climate has started. A significant method development was the stable hydrogen isotope analysis of water containing inclusions. We recognized climate change events with high resolution from samples of small mass formerly unavailable (<0,2 gr). We identified the changes of the past thousand years on a stalactite originating from a cave of the Bükk Mts. On a sample from the Mecsek we indicated the environmental changes occurred about 3500 years ago and presence of volcanic dust and its inwash into the cave, and also described the environmental effect of the uranium mining. A number of dripstones and carbonate precipitations were investigated in caves, the results of which – being more ten thousand years old – we couldn’t directly use in our research topic but they provided valuable data for other researches and publications. (E.g. geochemical investigation of the formations of the Baradla Cave demonstrates the climate reconstruction of the last glacial age and of the Holocene periods; from the age of the calcite laminates of the caves of Rózsadomb we could draw inferences for the rate of emergence of the mountains, etc.

Speleothem stable isotope records for east-central Europe: resampling sedimentary proxy records to obtain evenly spaced time series with spectral guidance

Uneven spacing is a common feature of sedimentary paleoclimate records, in many cases causing difficulties in the application of classical statistical and time series methods. Although special statistical tools do exist to assess unevenly spaced data directly, the transformation of such data into a temporally equidistant time series which may then be examined using commonly employed statistical tools remains, however, an unachieved goal. The present paper, therefore, introduces an approach to obtain evenly spaced time series (using cubic spline fitting) from unevenly spaced speleothem records with the application of a spectral guidance to avoid the spectral bias caused by interpolation and retain the original spectral characteristics of the data. The methodology was applied to stable carbon and oxygen isotope records derived from two stalagmites from the Baradla Cave (NE Hungary) dating back to the late 18th century. To show the benefit of the equally spaced records to climate studies, their coherence with climate parameters is explored using wavelet transform coherence and discussed. The obtained equally spaced time series are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.875917