Determination of the Administration Routes, Doses and Appropriate Age to Vaccinate With Ornitin Triple Vaccine For Cross-breed Colored Broilers in Vietnam

The study was to determine the appropriate dose and administration route of Ornitin Triple vaccine in cross-breed coloured broilers in Vietnam by evaluating the antibody titer against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and local reactions at injection sites on chickens after vaccination. The study was divided into 2 trials. Both trials were designed with 3 vaccine dose groups: 0.0ml (control group), 0.25ml and 0.5ml and 2 different administration routes: subcutaneous at neck (SC) and intramuscular at breast (IM) injection. The result showed that, no statistically significant difference was found between antibody titer of two administration routes as well as 2 vaccine doses until 13-week-old. Local reactions at the injection sites of IM route was less severe than SC at neck and in higher dose would produce a more severe swelling reaction. Daily weight gain was found to have a slight decrease in the vaccinated groups within 2 weeks after vaccination, however, no statistically significant difference was found in later stage (P > 0.05). In conclusion, Ornitin Triple can be used to vaccinate by IM with the dose of 0.25ml for coloured broilers at early age (3-week-old), or 0.5ml for older birds and should be careful for some reactions at the injection sites

Using learning games for fourth-grade students to teach Vietnamese lessons and teachers' perspectives on learning games

Students can learn   in   a   meaningful way through the use of educational games. When students apply their skills and information in order to progress through a game, a huge degree of engagement is generated among them in the classroom as a result both their capabilities and their learning   increase. 153 children from primary schools in Vietnam participated in this research. The children were split into two groups: an experimental and a control group. Both groups participated in two sessions of word and sentence practice as well as spelling instruction. According to the findings of the study, the educational outcomes of the students are greatly improved when games are used in their classrooms. In addition, research has shown that some teachers are against the use of games in the classroom since it makes it more difficult to prepare educational materials. Some educators believe that playing educational games is a more effective method of instruction as it allows for greater flexibility during the learning process. This makes a contribution to the theoretical framework that is necessary to guide educators and instructors in the process of improving learning game programs for children in primary schools and other learners

China's Angel Investment Policy

Purpose: This paper summarized and systematized the case of China's policies applied to attract angel investment which turned this country into a global highlight in angel investment.   Theoretical framework: The authors conducted a literature review on start-up and angel investment to introduce angel investment in China, analyze the role of angel investments in developing start-ups, and factor determinants and policy of angel investment in China.   Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper uses qualitative method to provide overviews on the case of China in attracting angel investment for their start-ups with an updated analysis on their relevant factor determinants and policies that contributed to the success of China.   Findings: It is found that the Chinese Government has actively carried out packages, including tax incentives, built programs, investment cooperation funds, developed networks, and angel investment education systems to boost funding readiness for firms. They also focus on promoting the start-up ecosystem and providing financial support to implement an innovation-driven development strategy to raise the nation's competitiveness.   Research, practical & social implications: This paper provides some suggestions for Chinese government in making policies to enhance the role of angel investments in developing start-ups.   Originality/Value: This paper contributes to the evolvement of research about start- up and angel investment, particularly in China, in the context of high-tech  production and breakthrough technologies, by providing a policy perspective to imply lessons for other countries

The Role of Social Network Sites in English Language Teaching_Harnessing the Potential of Facebook and YouTube as Learning Tools

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the role of Social Network Sites (SNSs) in the context of English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching and learning. It examines the definitions and potential applications of SNSs, with a specific focus on Facebook and YouTube. The paper discusses the educational and instructional implementations of these SNSs, as well as the challenges and drawbacks faced by both teachers and students when utilizing them. Furthermore, it explores the pedagogical implications of incorporating the cutting-edge features offered by SNSs, aiming to bridge the gap between traditional and technologically driven learning environment

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using curcumin against the bovine mastitis bacteria

Bovine mastitis is the most common disease and has greatly affected economies around the world. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial ability of bovine mastitis by curcumin - silver nanoparticles (Cur-AgNPs). The study included experiments on presenting a new process for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using curcumin from fresh turmeric as a reducing agent and stabilizer. UV visible spectroscopy of the samples revealed the localized surface plasmon resonance absorbance of the dispersion of silver nanoparticles at 430 nm. The prepared Cur-AgNPs has a spherical shape with an average size of 30 nm and a size distribution of 15–47 nm. FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) measurements of the samples showed that silver nanopartilces has been encapsulated well by curcumin. Cur-AgNPs with a concentration of 50-200 μg/mL has very effect to Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing bovine mastitis in vitro. The maximum inhibition zone formed was 15 ± 0.85 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 14 ± 0.56 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plant materials mediating for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles have relatively rapid, less expensive, and widespread applications for antimicrobial therapy in the livestock sector

Economic Performance of Offshore Long-Line Vessels in Nha Trang, Vietnam

Economic performance indicators are needed in order to improve fisheries policy in Vietnam. The research project “Revenues and Costs of Fishing Vessels in the Nha Trang Area” has been established to meet these needs. A questionnaire about technical characteristics and economic data of vessel and gear in use in the Province has been developed. A convenience sample is used and data is gathered through interviews with vessel owners. This paper presents preliminary findings for about thirty-two vessels, representing 16 % of the estimated total population of such vessels in the Khanh Hoa province. The average overall length is 15.13 m, engine size 121.88 HP and crew size 9.16 men. The following indicators are presented: gross revenue, annual vessel productivity, gross value added, gross cash flow, net profit and crew share, both per vessel and per man. Crew shares are compared to that of earnings of other labour in this area of Vietnam. Regression analysis of gross revenue and simple partial productivity, using technical vessel characteristics as independent variables, is performed and the results are demonstrated. Further work will include the collection of more data. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) or Stochastic Production Frontier (SPF) techniques for in depth analysis may in the future be used

Investigating the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from Gymnema sylvestre and Curcuma longa in Vietnam

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are soil eukaryotes that belong to phylum Glomeromycota and have symbiosis with the vast majority of higher plants’ roots. AM fungi are believed to be coevolved with terrestrial plants, the abundance and diversity of AM fungal communities as a result are host plant dependent. A survey of AM fungi from the rhizospheres of medicinal plants in Northern Vietnam including gurma Gymnema sylvestre and turmeric Curcuma longa was carried out. From the extracted total DNAs of the medicinal plants’ rhizosphere soil samples, 35 mycorrhizal fungal species were identified by analyzing small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Result revealed that genus Glomus is the most abundant in the AM communities of G. sylvestre and C. longa, followed by Gigaspora and Acaulospora. Besides, AM species belonging to genera Scutellospora, Diversispora and Rhizophagus were observed in almost all rhizosphere soil samples. The spore counting by wet sieving and decanting method uncovered a variation in AM spore density of gurma and turmeric rhizosphere. In general, AM species were found more abundantly and more diverse in collected rhizome soil samples of C. longa (27 species belonging to 10 genera) than of G. sylvestre (17 species found belonging to 7 genera). The observed difference in AM communities of G. sylvestre and C. longa supports evidence for the dependence of AM fungal species on host plants, and indicates that AM fungi may have relation to the host plants’ secondary metabolite production

Calculation of Temperature-Dependent Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Metal Crystals Based on Anharmonic Correlated Debye Model

This study aims to calculate the anharmonic thermal expansion (TE) coefficient of metal crystals in the temperature dependence. The calculation model is derived from the anharmonic correlated Debye (ACD) model that is developed using the many-body perturbation approach and correlated Debye model based on the anharmonic effective potential. This potential has taken into account the influence on the absorbing and backscattering atoms of all their nearest neighbors in the crystal lattice. The numerical results for the crystalline zinc (Zn) and crystalline copper (Cu) are in agreement with those obtained by the other theoretical model and experiments at several temperatures. The analytical results show that the ACD model is useful and efficient in analyzing the TE of coefficient of metal crystals

Research on chemical constituents, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of components isolated from Zingiber officinale Roscoe from Vietnam

Ginger, a commonly used spice and medicinal herb, is an abundant source of bioactive compounds. However, the utilization of ginger in the pharmaceutical industry is still moderate and not commensurate with the potential of the Vietnamese horticulture industry, mainly due to a lack of information about the quality of input materials. In this study, we compared the volatile compounds of gingers collected from 13 provinces of Vietnam using GC/MS and GC-FID analysis to provide a basis for selecting and standardizing input materials. Furthermore, ginger essential oil from Ben Tre province of Vietnam exhibited significant antibacterial activity particularly in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with inhibition zones of 30.00 ± 1.41 and 24.67 ± 3.30 mm, respectively. However, no significant inhibition was observed against Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and E. coli. We also isolated 5 non-volatile compounds from ginger extract, namely 6-shogaol (1), quercetin (2), rutin (3), beta-sitosterol (4) and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5). Among them, compounds 1–3 displayed cytotoxicity against Hep3B, SK-LU-1, MCF-7, SK-LU-1, SW480 and HepG2 tumour cell lines, with an IC50 values ranging between 62.7 ± 2.1 and 97.6 ± 1.1 µM, using Ellipticine as a positive control. Compounds 4 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against Hep3B and HepG2 tumor cells, with the IC50 values ranging between 21.5 ± 5.1 and 46.9 ± 3.7 µM but did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity against SW480 and SK-LU-1 cells. Compound 4 also demonstrated middling cytotoxicity against the MCF7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 43.6 ± 5.1 µM. These findings suggest further applications of Vietnamese ginger for the treatment of infectious and cancer-related diseases