The Zero Decade of Architecture in Belgrade and Serbia

The intention of this paper is to contemplate the root problem that was prevalent in the architecture in Serbia and in Belgrade in the last decade, and to try to provide some insight into few issues and discuss the future solutions: what are the core values and what is specific in the recent architecture of Belgrade/ Serbia, what was lacking in the theoretical and practical areas of architecture and what is the significance of the realized architecture at the local, regional or the European level. The challenge of keeping the traditional architecture, yet incorporate proven global concepts that are both aesthetically pleasing, yet serve a practical purpose, was in conclusion presented as the emulation of the new ideas on old notions, integration of global concepts, local knowledge and experience to deliver superior quality architectural achievements, based on highly motivated, professional, visionary, resourceful, experienced or promising Serbian architects

Drvengrad i Andrićgrad u razvoju ideje i koncepta heterotopnih prostora - tematski parkovi i "tematski gradovi"

Heterotopic spaces represent a more present phenomenon in contemporary architecture since the utopic thought, concept, narrative and revolutionary programme in architectural discourse as well as generally in socio-political setting has arguably come to an end. The aim of this paper is to explain the heterotopic concept broadly as well as to offer the possibility of viewing and clarifying it through conceptualization of theme parks and "theme towns". While theme parks "improve" corporative scenery, theme towns came into being as a product of an artistic initiative, which alongside their conceptualization in the sense of façade formation have the tendency to promote both commercial and artistic content. The very thesis of the paper is based on the possibility of detecting phenomena which point at the presence of "otherness" in architecture beyond what belongs to the category of everydayness and commonness. It is assumed that the realizations present in the development of an idea and the conception of the theme parks and "theme towns" as forms of artistic aspirations, especially regarding domestic examples of Drvengrad and Andricgrad, are the reflection of the current tendencies within heterotopic discourse.Prostori heterotopija predstavljaju sve zastupljeniji fenomen u savremenoj arhitekturi, budući da je primetan, uslovno rečeno, kraj utopijske misli, koncepcije, narativa, revolucionarnog programa, kako u arhitektonskom diskursu, tako i uopšte u društveno-političkom ambijentu. Cilj ovog rada je pojašnjenje heterotopnog koncepta, kao i mogućnost njegovog sagledavanja i pojašnjenja kroz prikaz primera tematskih parkova i "tematskih gradova". Dok tematski parkovi "upotpunjuju" korporativni pejzaž, "tematski gradovi", koji su nastali kao produkt umentničke inicijative i koji pored koncipipiranja u vidu kulisnih formacija, poseduju tendenciju za promovisanjem, kako komercijalnih, tako i umetničkih sadržaja. Sama teza rada se zasniva na mogućnosti detektovanja fenomena, koji ukazuju na prisustvo "drugosti" u arhitekturi, izvan onoga što se svrstava u kategoriju sdvakodnevice i uobičajenosti. Pretpostavlja se da su relacije, koje postoje u razvoju ideje i koncipiranja "tematskih gradova", kao vida umetničkih aspiracija, posebno kada je reč o domaćim primerima, Drvengradu i Andrićgradu, odraz aktuelnih tendencija unutar heterotopnog diskursa

Redefinicija procesa projektovanja i relizacije arhitekture u novonastajućoj arhitekturi po principu "digitalnog lanca"

The setting of design and architectural realization today cannot be considered separately from the emerging architecture, which is based on digital technology. Digital technology has primarily affected the architectural presentation, and eventually began to represent a design tool directly connected with the realization, which was across various digital techniques establishing continuity of a "digital gap" as a global problem of discontinuity of design and realization in architecture and fulfilling complex design requirements of the architecture today. With the characteristics of continuous connection, this relation design - realization is increasingly manifested as a CAAD/CAM technology and the most commonly researched as a "digital chain" principle. Primarily, the term "digital chain" is defined and investigated (theoretically, experimentally and practically) at the CAAD department at ETH Zurich (germ. ETH Zuerich) within the research projects of this institute. Today the tool has become an indispensable, inevitable and active, and the architect seemingly passive and in an unclear position in the whole process and the offered solutions of space and architecture. Accordingly, the paper explains the principle of "digital chain", and overlapping with elements of a conventional (standard) architectural approach, based on the settings of the positioning architects in new conditions, redefines the process of design and realization in the emerging architecture in architectonic sense.Postavka projektovanja i realizacije arhitekture danas se ne može posmatrati odvojeno od novonastajuće arhitekture (engl. emerging architecture), koja je bazirana na digitalnoj tehnologiji. Digitalna tehnologija je prvenstveno uticala na prezentaciju arhitekture, dok je vremenom počela da predstavlja i alat za projektovanje sa direktnom vezom sa realizacijom, koja je preko različitih digitalnih tehnika uspostavljala kontinuitet "digitalnog jaza" kao globalnog problema diskonuiteta izmedju projektovanja i realizacije arhitekture i ispunjavala kompleksne zahteve projektovanja danas. Sa karateristikama kontinualne veze, odnos projektovanje - realizacija se sve više manifestuje kao CAD/CAM tehnologija i često istražuje i kao princip "digitalnog lanca". Prvenstveno, termin "digitalni lanac" je definisan i istraživan (teoretski, eksperimentalno i praktično) na CAAD katedri na ETH Cirih (nem. ETH Zuerich) u okviru naučnih projekata ovog instituta. Danas je kao alat postao neophodan, neminovan i aktivan, a arhitekta naizgled pasivan i u nejasnoj poziciji u celom procesu i ponuđenom rešenju prostora i arhitekture. U skladu sa tim, rad objašnjava princip "digitalnog lanca", a preklapanjem sa elementima konvencionalnog arhitektonskog pristupa, bazirajući se na postavkama pozicioniranja arhitekte u novim uslovima, redefiniše proces projektovanja i realizacije novonastajuće arhitekture u smislu arhitektoničnosti

Electronics ceramics grain boundaries and complex fractal dimension

Analysis of ceramic grain boundaries, esspecially for BaTiO3 , is also important for its dielectric and conductive properties. In this regard, the fractal analysis was highlighted. The grain contacts geometry based on intergranular contact surface fractal morphology was the subject of our long term research. A new approach based on complex dimension fractal geometry and correlation between microstructurenanostructure and rare-earth properties and other additives doped BaTiO3-ceramics and electronics properties, is applied . In addition to the continuous type of scaling typical for real standard fractal objects, complex objects are considered here, which also have a discrete scaling symmetry with logarithmic space period. That rely on their appearance on the various , micro and macro, electrical and other properties of BaTiO3-ceramics

Construction variation of packing machine in food processing

U radu je prikazano varijantno konstrukciono rešenje mašine za pakovanje prehrambenih proizvoda. Na osnovu tehno-ekonomske analize pokazano je da originalno i varijantno konstrukciono rešenje imaju približno istu tehničku vrednost, s tim što varijantna konstrukcija ima veću ekonomsku vrednost opravdanost. Ekonomska opravdanost postignuta je pogodnim konstrukcionim rešenjem i primenom domaćih komponenti i tehnologije izrade.The construction variation of packing machine in food processing is shown in this paper. By the techno-economic analyses it is shown that original and new construction has the same construction value, but the new construction has a better economic value – validity. Better economic value has achieved with new construction and engaging domestic components and production technology

Construction variation of packing machine in food processing

U radu je prikazano varijantno konstrukciono rešenje mašine za pakovanje prehrambenih proizvoda. Na osnovu tehno-ekonomske analize pokazano je da originalno i varijantno konstrukciono rešenje imaju približno istu tehničku vrednost, s tim što varijantna konstrukcija ima veću ekonomsku vrednost opravdanost. Ekonomska opravdanost postignuta je pogodnim konstrukcionim rešenjem i primenom domaćih komponenti i tehnologije izrade.The construction variation of packing machine in food processing is shown in this paper. By the techno-economic analyses it is shown that original and new construction has the same construction value, but the new construction has a better economic value – validity. Better economic value has achieved with new construction and engaging domestic components and production technology

DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH DIAZEPAM

Diazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with anxyolitic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant, antitremor, and amnestic activity. It is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P (CYP) 450 enzyme system. Diazepam is N-demethylated by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 to the active metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam, and is hydroxylated by CYP3A4 to the active metabolite temazepam. N-desmethyl-diazepam and temazepam are both further metabolized to oxazepam. Concomitant intake of inhibitors or inducers of the CYP isozymes involved in the biotransformation of diazepam may alter plasma concentrations of this drug, although this effect is unlikely to be associated with clinically relevant interactions.The goal of this article was to review the current literature on clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with diazepam.A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted for original research and review articles published in English between January 1971. and May 2011. Among the search terms were drug interactions, diazepam, pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, and cytochrome P450. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included, and meeting abstracts were excluded. The reference lists of relevant articles were hand-searched for additional publications.Diazepam is substantially sorbed by the plastics in flexible containers, volume control set chambers, and tubings of intravenous administration sets. Manufacturers recommend not mixing with any other drug or solution in syringe or solution, although diazepam is compatible in syringe with cimetidine and ranitidine, and in Y-site with cisatracurium, dobutamine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, nafcillin, quinidine gluconate, remifentanil, and sufentanil. Diazepam is compatible with: dextrose 5% in water, Ringers injection, Ringers injection lactated and sodium chloride 0.9%. Emulsified diazepam is compatible with Intralipid and Nutralipid.Diazepam has low potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Although interactions with diazepam may be predictable in specific circumstances, when diazepam is used with: analgesics, anesthetics, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics/sedatives, barbiturates, hypnotics, MAO inhibitors, narcotics, sedative anihistamines, phenothiazines and other antidepressants, careful consideration is needed

Optimization of the flue gas-flow controlling devices of the electrostatic precipitator of unit A4 in TPP "Nikola Tesla"

Homogeneity of the flue gas-flow through the chamber of an electrostatic precipitator is one of the basic influencing parameter on dedusting efficiency. This paper presents results of a multiobjective optimization study of the flue gas controlling devices of electrostatic precipitator of 324 MWe lignite fired Unit A4 of TPP "Nikola Tesla" in Serbia. The aim was to achieve better flow homogeneity in the cross-section of the precipitator compared to the original design. Additional constraints were to maintain the minimum as possible overall weight of the proposed design as well as pressure drop through the precipitator. Numerical simulations based on CFD were used to investigate dependence of the velocity distribution in the ducts and precipitator’s chamber with respect to the geometrical parameters of tested concepts of turning blades. A series of 22 detailed full-scale numerical models of the precipitator with different concepts of turning vanes designs were developed. Assessment of the flow field uniformity for each tested design was performed based on the analysis of several homogeneity parameters calculated for selected vertical cross-sections of the precipitator. After the reconstruction according to optimized design, results of measurements confirmed significant improvements of the velocity distribution in the vertical cross-sections of the precipitator, increase of dedusting efficiency and reduction of PM emission

Fractional Calculus Model of Electrical Impedance Applied to Human Skin

Fractional calculus is a mathematical approach dealing with derivatives and integrals of arbitrary and complex orders. Therefore, it adds a new dimension to understand and describe basic nature and behavior of complex systems in an improved way. Here we use the fractional calculus for modeling electrical properties of biological systems. We derived a new class of generalized models for electrical impedance and applied them to human skin by experimental data fitting. The primary model introduces new generalizations of: 1) Weyl fractional derivative operator, 2) Cole equation, and 3) Constant Phase Element (CPE). These generalizations were described by the novel equation which presented parameter (beta) related to remnant memory and corrected four essential parameters (R-0, R-infinity, alpha, tau(alpha)). We further generalized single generalized element by introducing specific partial sum of Maclaurin series determined by parameters (beta(*), gamma,delta ...). We defined individual primary model elements and their serial combination models by the appropriate equations and electrical schemes. Cole equation is a special case of our generalized class of models for beta* = gamma = delta = ... = 0. Previous bioimpedance data analyses of living systems using basic Cole and serial Cole models show significant imprecisions. Our new class of models considerably improves the quality of fitting, evaluated by mean square errors, for bioimpedance data obtained from human skin. Our models with new parameters presented in specific partial sum of Maclaurin series also extend representation, understanding and description of complex systems electrical properties in terms of remnant memory effects

Quality management in the tourism industry

The traditional approach to the management in the function of quality the tourist industry has not offered the high quality product or service. Namely, dissatisfaction is a response to the managerial approach, reduced customer satisfaction, and small profit. This work points out to a continued access to the quality, necessity of total quality management, levels of TQM implementation and benchmarking. Furthermore, it analyzes the monitoring of quality control to be allocated and coordinated in the organization