Perceived risk and sensitive data on mobile devices

This paper reports on a survey to investigate the behaviour and assumptions of smartphone users, with reference to the security practices adopted by such users. The primary objective was to shed light on the level of information security awareness in smartphone users and determine the extent of sensitive information such users typically hold on these mobile devices

Ischemic preconditioning: Protection against myocardial necrosis and apoptosis

The phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning has been recognized as one of the most potent mechanisms to protect against myocardial ischemic injury. In experimental animals and humans, a brief period of ischemia has been shown to protect the heart from more prolonged episodes of ischemia, reducing infarct size, attenuating the incidence, and severity of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, and preventing endothelial cell dysfunction. Although the exact mechanism of ischemic preconditioning remains obscure, several reports indicate that this phenomenon may be a form of receptor-mediated cardiac protection and that the underlying intracellular signal transduction pathways involve activation of a number of protein kinases, including protein kinase C, and mitochondrial KATP channels. Apoptosis, a genetically programmed form of cell death, has been associated with cardiomyocyte cell loss in a variety of cardiac pathologies, including cardiac failure and those related to ischemia/reperfusion injury. While ischemic preconditioning significantly reduces DNA fragmentation and apoptotic myocyte death associated with ischemia-reperfusion, the potential mechanisms underlying this effect have not been fully clarified. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms and application to clinical scenarios will provide new directions in research and translate this information into new treatment approaches for reducing the extent of ischemia/reperfusion injury

Η φορολόγηση στην Διασυνοριακή Ακαδημαϊκή Δραστηριότητα

Η εκπόνηση της παρούσας εργασίας έχει ως βασικό σκοπό την παρουσίαση ενός εξαιρετικά ενδιαφέροντος θέματος που έχει απασχολήσει το Δημοσιονομικό Δίκαιο σε κρατικό αλλά κυρίως σε διεθνές και ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. Πρόκειται για το ζήτημα της φορολόγησης της διασυνοριακής ακαδημαϊκής δραστηριότητας. το οποίο άπτεται του ζητήματος της διπλούς φορολογίας και κατ΄ επέκταση των διμερών διεθνών συμβάσεων αποφυγής της διπλής φορολογίας. Η εμφάνιση του ζητήματος της διπλής φορολογίας και η αντιμετώπιση του μέσω της σύναψης των συμβάσεων αποφυγής διπλής φορολογίας αποτελούν ένα από τους πυλώνες ανάπτυξης της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης στην προσπάθεια προσέγγισης του θέματος της φορολόγησης την διασυνοριακή ακαδημαϊκή δραστηριότητα. Επιχειρείται κατ΄ αρχήν η εννοιολογική προσέγγιση των εν λόγω συμβάσεων και η εξέταση του σκοπού που επιτελούν στο πεδίο των διασυνοριακών οικονομικών σχέσεων. Οι σύγχρονες οικονομικές εξελίξεις και η διαρκής συνεργασία των χωρών στο οικονομικό πεδίο έχουν οξύνει έντονα το πρόβλημα της διπλούς φορολογίας, κρίνοντας επιτακτική την υπογραφή διμερών συμβάσεων μεταξύ των κρατών. Αναφορικά με την διάρθρωση της εργασίας, επιχειρείται η διερεύνηση του φαινομένου της διπλούς φορολογίας και η σύνδεση του με τις διμερείς συμβάσεις αποφυγής της διπλής φορολογίας. Εν συνεχεία, στην μελέτη αναλύεται ο ρόλος των διμερών συμβάσεων στην εγχώρια και διεθνή έννομη τάξη και εισάγεται ο θεσμός των πρότυπων συμβάσεων. Σε επόμενο υποκεφάλαιο εκτίθεται το Μοντέλο Σύμβασης του ΟΟΣΑ για την αποφυγή της διπλής φορολογίας σχετικά με την άσκηση της ακαδημαϊκής δραστηριότητας, η σκοπιμότητα του συγκεκριμένου και η επιρροή του στην διακρατικές σχέσεις. Ο δεύτερος άξονας διάρθρωσης της συγκεκριμένης εργασίας είναι η οριοθέτηση της έννοιας της φορολογικής κατοικίας. Ο προσδιορισμός της έννοιας της φορολογικής κατοικίας και των εν γένει κριτηρίων υπαγωγής στην φορολογική εξουσία ενός κράτους αποτελεί ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέροντα ζητήματα που παρουσιάζονται με κατατοπιστικό τρόπο στην παρούσα μελέτη. Επιχειρείται, παράλληλα, μια διεξοδική ανάλυση της έννοιας της φορολογικής κατοικίας μέσα από πρόσφατη νομολογία Ανώτατων Δικαστηρίων. Αμέσως, μετά, προσεγγίζεται το ζήτημα της μεταβολής της φορολογικής κατοικίας ως απόρροια της κινητικότητας του επιστημονικού πληθυσμού σε κράτη εντός και εκτός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Το ζήτημα της μεταβολής φορολογικής κατοικίας των πολιτών σε άλλες χώρες εκτός και εντός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης αναμένεται να απασχολήσει έντονα τις Φορολογικές Αρχές και την Ελληνική Δικαιοσύνη τα επόμενα έτη αναδεικνύοντας το ζήτημα της ορθής κατανομής της φορολογικής εξουσίας μεταξύ των κρατών.  The main purpose of this paper is to present an extremely interesting topic that has been concerned with Fiscal law at National level, but mainly at international and European level.This is the question of taxing cross-border academic activity which deals with the issue of double taxation and therefore bilateral international tax avoidance conventions. The appearance of the double issue taxation and its treatment through the conclusion of avoidance contracts double taxation is one of the pillars of this study in trying to approach the issue of taxation cross-border academic activity.In the beginning of this paper there is a conceptual approach of these contacts.Because of the modern economic developments and the constant cooperation of the countries in the economic field, the problem of double taxation has been exacerbated, considering the signing of bilateral agreements between the States as imperative.It is also attempted to investigate the phenomenon of double taxation and its connection to bilateral agreements avoid double taxation. The study then analyzes the role of the bilateral contracts in the domestic and international legal order and the institution is introduced of the standard contracts. The Model is presented in the following sub-chapter OECD Convention on the Avoidance of Double Taxation on the pursuit of academic activity, the feasibility of the specific activity, and its influence on transnational relations.In tan other chapter of this paper is delimited the term tax residence and the general eligibility criteria in tax power of a state. Trying, at the same time, a thorough analysis of the concept of tax residence through recent Supreme Court case law.Τhen, there is an approach in the question of changing tax housing as a result of mobility of the scientific population in countries inside and outside the European Union.The issue of changing the tax residence of citizens in countries and within the European Union is expected to concern Tax authorities and the Greek judiciary in the coming years highlighting it the question of the proper distribution of fiscal power between States

Composição da pegada ecológica no brasil: participação da agropecuária e mecanismos de mitigação: eixo temático: crescimento e meio ambiente.

Este trabalho analisa os componentes mais importantes da Pegada Ecológica (PE) brasileira, pastagens e cultivos, destacando a importância de ações de enfrentamento das condicionantes ambientais ligadas à agropecuária brasileira. A partir de dados da Global Footprints Network procedeu-se ao agrupamento de países segundo a participação de cada um dos principais componentes que integram a PE. Cinco grupos foram encontrados, estando o Brasil enquadrado naquele que se caracteriza pela predominância de uma bovinocultura extensiva em pastagens e produção agrícola. O trabalho discute a evolução da agropecuária no Brasil e as alternativas que vêm sendo apresentadas para a mitigação das emissões de gases de efeito estufa, sobretudo pela pecuária bovina. Entre as principais conclusões do trabalho, destaca-se que no Brasil existem condições para a expansão sustentável da agricultura e da bovinocultura em função da atual subexploração do potencial produtivo das áreas de pastagens e dos rebanhos bovinos.ECOECO 2011

Avaliação dos componentes da pegada ecológica brasileira no contexto mundial e o papel da bovinocultura.

O presente trabalho trata da relevância de ações de enfrentamento das condicionantes ambientais ligadas à pecuária brasileira, como forma de alavancar seu crescimento com o mínimo de danos ao meio ambiente. O indicador ambiental Pegada Ecológica (PE) expressa a pressão do consumo humano sobre o meio ambiente, no Brasil e no mundo. A partir de dados internacionais da Global Footprints Network procedeu-se ao agrupamento de países segundo a participação de cada um dos principais componentes que integram a PE. Cinco grupos foram encontrados, estando o Brasil enquadrado naquele que se caracteriza pela predominância de uma bovinocultura extensiva em pastagens e, relativamente, baixo consumo de energia fóssil (grupo 3). No caso brasileiro, o componente ?pastagens? da PE é o que tem maior peso no indicador nacional, cerca de 32%. O trabalho discute as alternativas que vêm sendo apresentadas para a mitigação das emissões de gases de efeito estufa pela pecuária bovina, e conclui que, entre os países do grupo 3, especialmente o Brasil, existem condições para a expansão sustentável da bovinocultura em função da atual subexploração do potencial produtivo das áreas de pastagens e dos rebanhos bovinos. Ressalta-se, ainda, a necessidade de pesquisas nacionais que quantifiquem as emissões e remoções de gases de efeito estufa e que permitam a comparação entre os diferentes sistemas de produção praticados e os recomendados, quanto ao seu potencial de mitigação.SOBER 2011

Pharmacological activation of PPARβ/δ preserves mitochondrial respiratory function in ischemia/reperfusion via stimulation of fatty acid oxidation-linked respiration and PGC-1α/NRF-1 signaling

Funding Information: The work was supported by core institutional funds and the Graduate Program “Applications of Biology” of the School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Funding Information: The authors thank Dr Reinis Vilskersts for his assistance during ex vivo experimental procedures and Stanislava Korzh for her assistance during high resolution fluorespirometry procedures. This article is based upon work from COST Action EU-CARDIOPROTECTION CA16225 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Papatheodorou, Makrecka-Kuka, Kuka, Liepinsh, Dambrova and Lazou.Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to significant impairment of cardiac function and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) confers cardioprotection via pleiotropic effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PPARβ/δ activation on myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function and link this effect with cardioprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). For this purpose, rats were treated with the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 and/or antagonist GSK0660 in vivo. Mitochondrial respiration and ROS production rates were determined using high-resolution fluororespirometry. Activation of PPARβ/δ did not alter mitochondrial respiratory function in the healthy heart, however, inhibition of PPARβ/δ reduced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and complex II-linked mitochondrial respiration and shifted the substrate dependence away from succinate-related energy production and towards NADH. Activation of PPARβ/δ reduced mitochondrial stress during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation. Furthermore, it preserved FAO-dependent mitochondrial respiration and lowered ROS production at oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent state during ex vivo I/R. PPARβ/δ activation was also followed by increased mRNA expression of components of FAO -linked respiration and of transcription factors governing mitochondrial homeostasis (carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b and 2-CPT-1b and CPT-2, electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase -ETFDH, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha- PGC-1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1-NRF-1). In conclusion, activation of PPARβ/δ stimulated both FAO-linked respiration and PGC-1α/NRF -1 signaling and preserved mitochondrial respiratory function during I/R. These effects are associated with reduced infarct size.publishersversionPeer reviewe

DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES IN WATER BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-(ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION)-MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-ESI-MS)

Desenvolveu-se método para a determinação de selecionado grupo de pesticidas em água (de torneira e subterrânea), usando cromatografia em fase líquida (ionização do tipo electrospray) espectrometria de massas (CL-IE-EM). Os pesticidas dimetoato, carbaril, simazina, atrazina, ametrina, tebutiuron, diuron e linuron foram isolados por meio de extração líquidolíquido com diclorometano e analisados em coluna de fase reversa, tipo C-18, com eluição por gradiente e vazão de 1 mL min-1. Foram obtidas recuperações nas faixas de 89% a 112% (R.S.D. ≤ 10%) para água de torneira e de 76 a 98% (R.S.D. ≤ 6%) para água subterrânea. O procedimento de enriquecimento, que pré-concentra amostras em 500 vezes, seguido do uso de monitoramento seletivo de íon (modo SIM) forneceu limite de quantificação suficientemente baixo para atender a legislação internacional (0,1 µg.L-1). O método desenvolvido mostrou-se prático, eficiente e confiável para a determinação dos pesticidas selecionados em amostras de água. DETERMINAÇÃO DE PESTICIDAS EM ÁGUA POR CROMATOGRAFIA EM FASE LÍQUIDA (IONIZAÇÃO DO TIPO ELECTROSPRAY)-ESPECTROMETRIA DE MASSAS (CL-IE-EM) Abstract A method for determination of a selected group of pesticides in water (tap and ground water) was developed using liquid chromatography-(electrospray ionization)-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The pesticides dimethoate, carbaryl, simazine, atrazine, ametryne, tebuthiuron, diuron and linuron were isolated using liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane and analyzed on a reversed phase column, C-18, with gradient elution at flow rate of 1 mL. min-1. Recoveries ranged from 89% to 112% (R.S.D. ≤ 10%) for tap water and from 76% to 98% (R.S.D ≤ 6%) for ground water. The enrichment procedure, followed by use of the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode gave quantification limits low enough to reach the international legislation level of 0.1 µg.L-1, with a 500-fold preconcentration. The method developed is practical, efficient and reliable for the determination of the selected group of pesticides in the water samples

Determination of pesticides in water by liquid chromatography-(Electrospray Ionization)-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS).

A method for determination of a selected group of pesticides in water (tap and ground water) was developed using liquid chromatography-(electrospray ionization)-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The pesticides dimethoate, carbaryl, simazine, atrazine, ametryne, tebuthiuron, diuron and linuron were isolated using liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane and analyzed on a reversed phase column, C-18, with gradient elution at flow rate of 1 mL. min-1. Recoveries ranged from 89% to 112% (R.S.D. <_10%) for tap water and from 76% to 98% (R.S.D <_ 6%) for ground water. The enrichment procedure, followed by use of the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode gave quantification limits low enough to reach the international legislation level of 0.1 µg.L-1, with a 500-fold preconcentration. The method developed is practical, efficient and reliable for the determination of the selected group of pesticides in the water samples. Um método para a determinação de um grupo selecionado de resíduos de pesticidas em água (de torneira e subterrânea) foi desenvolvido usando cromatografia líquida-ionização electrospray-espectrometria de massas (LC-ESI-MS). Os pesticidas dimetoato, carbaril, simazina, atrazina, ametrina, tebutiuron, diuron e linuron foram isolados usando extração líquido-líquido com diclorometano e analisados em uma coluna de fase reversa, C-18, com eluição gradiente a uma vazão de 1 mL/min. Foram obtidas recuperações de 89 a 112% (RSD <_10%) para água de torneira e 76 a 98% (RSD <_ 6%) para água subterrânea. O procedimento de enriquecimento, seguido pelo uso do monitoramento seletivo de íons (SIM) forneceu limites de quantificação baixos o suficiente para atingir a legislação internacional (Comunidade Européia) que é de 0,1 µg/L. O método desenvolvido é prático, eficiente e confiável para a determinação do grupo selecionado dos pesticidas em amostras de água

Uticaj metode uzorkovanja na detekciju Campylobacter coli iz pribora za uzorkovanje i mesa

A defined Campylobacter coli (C. coli) suspension was inoculated on sterile sampling materials (cotton bud, polyester bud, cellulose sponge) and pieces of lamb meat. Various combinations of diluents (phosphate buffer saline ± Tween®80) and sampling methods (direct homogenization, simulating the excision method for meat, and swabbing) were investigated for the recovery (detachment) of C. coli cells from the inoculated samples. The obtained C. coli bacteria, as quantified by real-time PCR with respect to the dilution factors and the initial inoculum, were used for the calculation of the recovery (%) per sampling material and method. Regarding artificially inoculated sampling materials, the lowest recovery was observed for cotton buds (2.8%) and the highest for cellulose sponge (28.9%), and the differences between the obtained results were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). As regards lamb meat, the lowest recovery was observed for swabbing with cotton buds (3.2%) and the highest for direct homogenization (10.7%). The results indicate an overall low rate of bacterial recovery from contaminated samples, with cellulose sponges and polyester buds being significantly superior to cotton buds, and direct homogenization of meat with diluent better than swabbing. The type of sampling materials and methods applied for the quantification of C. coli entailsPrethodno određena suspenzija Campylobacter coli inokulisana je na sterilne materijale za uzorkovanje (pamučni štapić, poliesterski štapić, celulozni sunđer) i komade jagnjeć eg mesa. Različite kombinacije razređivača (fi ziološki rastvor fosfatnog pufera ± Tveen®80) i metode uzimanja uzoraka (direktna homogenizacija, simuliranje metode ekscizije mesa i uzimanje brisa) ispitivane su na uspešnost detekcije ć elija C. coli iz inokulisanih uzoraka. Kvantifi kacija je urađena PCR-om u realnom vremenu u odnosu na faktore razblaženja i početni inokulum i izračunat je nivo detekcije C. coli (%) prema materijalu i metodi uzimanja uzoraka. Iz veštački inokulisanih materijala za uzimanje uzoraka najniža detekcija ovih bakterija je zabeležena kod pamučnih štapića (2,8%), a najveća kod celuloznih sunđera (28,9%) i utvrdjena je statistički značajna razlika (