The Population of Blato on the Island of Korčula (1870-1880): The Beginning of Demographic Transition

Kao naselje koje se nalazi na graničnoj liniji između prostora negdašnje Dubrovačke Republike i negdašnje Mletačke Dalmacije, Blato, uz tipična obilježja otočkih, ruralnih, srednjedalmatinskih naselja, prima pozitivne demografske utjecaje s juga i po mnogim je pokazateljima vrlo blisko otoku Lastovu, graničnom otoku, ali s dubrovačke strane. U razdoblju od 1870. do 1880. godine u Blatu se jasno očituju prvi simptomi demografske tranzicije: smanjen mortalitet, porast stanovništva, visoka ženidbena dob, produljen ljudski vijek. Tranzicija je na samome početku i zahvatila je samo mortalitet staračkog kontingenta, dok je mortalitet dojenčadi još uvijek izrazito visok.Analysis has confirmed that Blato followed the major demographic trends observed on the central Dalmatian islands, which, in numerous details, showed sharp dissimilarities from the Dalmatian mainland. The specificities of Blato demonstrated in the pattern of conception (decline during field work season), in the pattern of births, marriage (two maximums, with the prevalence of winter over autumn), and deaths (stronger impact of summer diseases), and in (the already) high age at marriage and relatively modest ratio of remarriages. Considering its historical background (Blato is located on the former border area between Venice and Dubrovnik), this parish may have experienced some of the positive demographic changes from the south somewhat earlier, and according to many determinants, correlated closely with the island of Lastovo, also a borderline island but from the direction of Dubrovnik. In the period 1870-188, Blato experienced the first clear signs of demographic transition: from mortality decline and population growth, to a relatively high marriage age and longer life-span, evidenced in a relatively high age at death. The transition was in its early stage and affected only the mortality of the elderly contingent, while infant mortality still sustained a high rate. A high proportion of extramarital and prenuptial conceptions suggests that ‘test marriage’ may have been customary

Ne-etičko ponašanje u sportu

This study analyses various forms of unethical behavior, which are increasingly present in sports. The focus of the research is to identify various forms of punishment, humiliation, mistreatment and abuse in sports clubs, and to approach this issue with determination with the aim of reducing or removing the consequences. The research was conducted in a variety of sports clubs in Serbia, which were chosen at random, and the participants (n=250) responded to a specifically structured questionnaire. The research showed that, depending on the age category, various types of unethical behavior took place: undue threats and punishment (55% men, 50% women, but with a statistically significant gender difference among the lower age categories), forced to compete despite possible health risks (over 80% athletes), and sexual harassment (78% of the female respondents in the category of younger seniors). Abuse and mistreatment were present in the pioneer, cadet and junior categories, and they became more intense in the senior age. Considering that the research results clearly show the existence of certain forms of abuse and mistreatment of athletes, this points to the need for the educational work of coaches to be focused on sport.U ovom istraživanju analizirani su različiti oblici ne-etičkog ponašanja koje je sve češće u sportu. Fokus istraživanja bio je da se identifikuju različiti oblici kažnjavanja, ponižavanja, zlostavljanja i maltretiranja u sportskim klubovima, i da se ovom problemu pristupi sa ciljem da se njegove posledice ublaže ili nestanu. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u različitim sportskim klubovima u Srbiji, koji su nasumice izbrani, a učesnici (n=250) su odgovorili na posebno strukturisan upitnik. Istraživanje je pokazalo da, u zavisnosti od starosne kategorije, različiti oblici ne-etičkog ponašanja se javljaju u vidu: nepotrebne pretnje i kazne (55% muškaraca, 50% žena, ali sa statistički značajnim razlikama među polovima nižih starosnih kategorija), prisiljavanja na takmičenje uprkos opasnosti po zdravlje (preko80% sportista), i seksualnog uznemiravanja(78% ženskih učesnika u kategoriji mlađih seniora). Zlostavljanje i maltretiranje mogu se uočiti i među pionirima, kadetima i juniorskim kategorijama, i postaju ozbiljniji problemi u seniorskim kategorijama. S obzirom na to da rezultati istraživanja jasno ukazuju na to da postoji zloupotreba i maltretiranje sportista, ovo istraživanje ukazuje na potrebu da se treneri obrazuju tako da se tokom rada više fokusiraju na sportske aktivnosti

Production performances and herd book of simmental and holstein friesian cattle in central Serbia

Central Serbia has a long tradition of cattle farming and, as a hilly-mountainous area it favors rearing of dual purpose Simmental breed, and to a lesser extent, Holstein-Friesian dairy breed. The first Herd Book of Serbia was founded in 1935. The high quality breeding animals registered are under the control of production performance properties. According to expert report of the Institute for Animal Husbandry and the results of the implementation of the breeding program in 2018 in the territory of Central Serbia, there were a total of 153.979 quality breeding animals of Simmental and 16509 quality breeding animals of Holstein-Friesian breed in the main herd. Both breeds are of national interest and are included in the breeding-selection program for dairy cattle that are implemented through the cooperation of breeders and breeding organizations in the field. In Central Serbia, there are 157 registered breeding organizations involved in breeding and livestock recording activities. In this paper, data of the Head breeding organization in cattle farming, the Institute for Animal Husbandry, as well as reports issued by the same entity each year were used. A tabular analysis and a five-year trend are presented according to: the number of recorded animals, primiparous females in linear evaluation, the realized yield of milk, milk fat and protein, as well as the trend of the number of bull dams in the population. Based on the analysis of the results of work on cattle breeding and selection, it can be concluded that some progress has been made in milk production of both breeds. It is important to emphasize that there is a significant effect of mentioned factors on the productivity of entire cattle population in Central Serbia. Systematic work on the breeding and selection of cattle is an important work that should be carried out in high quality, continuously and appropriately in order to achieve maximum effects in cattle production

Variability and heritability of milk traits of holstein - frisian bull dams and their progeny

The research was performed on Holstein-Friesian and Black and White bull dams reared on five farms of Agricultural Corporation of Belgrade - PKB. The study included 575 lactations of cows selected as bull dams and their progeny calved in the period from 2007 - 2014 and represent progeny of 24 bulls. The following dairy traits were analysed in a standard lactation (305 days): milk yield (kg) - MY, milk fat content (%) - % MF, milk fat yield (kg) - MFY, protein content (%) - % PC and protein yield (kg) - PY. Holstein-Friesian bull dams and their progeny, in standard lactation, produced on average 9239.84 +/- 1607.64 kg of milk, with a milk fat content of 3.44 +/- 0.20 and protein content of 3.21 +/- 0.12. The impact of bull - sire, year of birth, lactation order, farm, year and calving season was present at different levels of statistical significance on yield traits, while the genetic group had no influence on any of the milk traits. Bull sire, year of birth, lactation order and calving season did not influence the variability of milk fat and protein content. Heritability of observed milk traits was medium to low. The content of milk fat and protein had the lowest values of heritability, 0.014, and 0.024, respectively. The heritability of milk yield, milk fat yield and protein yield was 0.293, 0.319 and 0.273, respectively

BENTONITE IN NUTRITION OF DAIRY CATTLE

There are numerous methods for decontamination of animal feed, and a relatively inexpensive method is the application of inorganic adsorbents. Adsorbents from the group of alumosilicates are particularly important, especially bentonite. Inorganic adsorbents are able to detoxify foods contaminated with mycotoxins by their adsorption power, while minimizing the negative effects on the organism. The aim of this study was to examine and determine whether the use of natural bentonite has an effect on adsorption of aflatoxins from food. The influence of daily intake of bentonite at different doses (30 and 50 g / head) on the content of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk of examined cows was examined. By mycotoxicological analysis of the feed it was determined that maize grains were infested with aflatoxin B1 (1.24 μg/kg) and that this was the cause of the AFM1 metabolite in raw milk of cows. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the content of AFM1 in milk of cows consuming food with a daily intake of 30 and 50 g bentonite was significantly reduced

Cattle Herd book and Record Keeping in Central Serbia

Serbia has a tradition of cattle production, and the area of Central Serbia, as a hilly region is suitable for farming of the combined Simmental and dairy Holstein-Friesian breed. The first Herd Book of Serbia was founded in 1935. The high quality breeding animals registered in the main register and the herd book are under the control of production performance. According to the expert report of the Institute for Animal Husbandry and the results of the implementation of the breeding program in 2017, on the territory of Central Serbia, there were 147,997 high quality breeding animals of the Simmental and 17,192 of Holstein-Friesian breed in the main/parent herd. Both breeds of national interest for rearing in the territory of Central Serbia are included in the breeding – selection programs for cattle for milk production, which are implemented through the cooperation of farmers and local breeding organizations in the field. In the territory of Central Serbia there are 157 registered local breeding organizations that are carrying out the activities of cattle recording/registering and selection. In this paper the data of the Main Breeding Organization in cattle breeding, the Institute for Animal Husbandry, and its annual report are used. A tabular analysis and a five-year trend of animals are presented according to: the number of registered animals, linearly evaluated first calving females, the realized yield of milk, milk fat and protein, as well as the trend of the number of bull dams in the population. Based on the analysis of the results of work on the selection of bovine animals, it can be concluded that some progress has been made in the production of milk of both breeds. It is important to emphasize that the mentioned results are reflected on the productivity of the entire population of cattle in Central Serbia

Fenotipske korelacije linearnih ocena tipa i proizvodnih osobina krava simentalske rase

Determining the degree of correlation between two or more traits depends to a large extent on their manifestation. The knowledge of genetic and phenotypic correlations between body characteristics of the animal and product characteristics can help define the breeding goal, but also to define and harmonize the assessment criteria. Although the phenotypic and genetic correlations between the traits of body development and type and the milk yield show different degrees of variation, they should be taken into account in the final assessment of the breeding value of the animal so that the selection programs are more comprehesively defined. The examination of phenotypic correlations of linear assessment scores of the type, milk and fertility traits was performed on a total of 303 cows of the Simental breed in the first three lactations. The examination of phenotypic correlations included the following milk performance properties in the first three standard lactations: milk yield, milk fat content, milk fat yield, yield of 4% corrected milk; also fertility traits: age at current calving and service period in each lactation; while the linear type scoring included a group of traits: type or frame, muscularity, fundament, udder.Poznavanje fenotipske povezanosti osobina mlečnosti i plodnosti, sa linearnim ocenama tipa je veoma značajno u selekcijskom radu, gde se pored visoke proizvodnje, očekuje dobro zdravlje kao i dug produktivni život grla u stadu. U ovom istraživanju medjusobna pozitivna i potpuna fenotipska povezanost prinosa mleka, mlečne masti i 4% mast korigovanog mleka ustanovljena je u sve tri laktacije, kao i niska i uglavnom pozitivna povezanost pokazatelja prinosa i sadržaja mlečne masti. Niska i uglavnom pozitivna fenotipska povezanost utanovljena je u sve tri laktacije i za pokazatelje mlečnosti i plodnosti, ali i za pokazatelje plodnosti i tipa. Fenotipska povezanost pokazatelja mlečnosti i prosečnih ocena tipa je bila srednje jaka i uglavnom pozitivna za osobine prinosa i slaba i uglavnom negativna izmedju osobina tipa i sadržaja mlečne masti. Fenotipska povezanost ispitivanih osobina pokazuje da se prilikom odabira kako priplodnih junica, tako i semena za oplodnju krava i junica, mora povesti računa i o tipskim karakteristikama, jer će to pored odabira po mlečnosti doprineti ostvarenju veće proizvodnje mleka i bržem genetskom unapredjenju naše populacije

The osteogenic effect of Germanium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on dental pulp stem cells

Most of the applications for various forms of ion-doped hydroxyapatite have been geared towards pharmacy, dentistry and medicine. This study presents the first biological, response to germanium-doped hydroxyapatite (Ge-HAp). Viability, osteogenic differentiation induction and colony formation potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the presence of Ge-HAp and pure, Ge-free HAp nanoparticles was assessed. DPSCs were isolated from semiimpacted wisdom teeth extracted from systemically sound patients. MTT was used to determine cell viability after 1, 3, and 7 days of incubation. The effect of Ge-HAp on the expression level of osteodifferentiation markers (RUNX2, ALP, and OCN) was determined using RT-qPCR, and mineralized nodule formation was confirmed using Alizarin Red S staining. The colony-forming unit assay was utilized to evaluate the colony-formation potential of the DPSC. Low dosages of Ge-HAp increased cell viability compared to HAp after a week. Ge-HAp increased cell culture mineralization more than HAp. Ge-HAp substantially upregulated all three osteogenic markers relative to control and Ge-free HApexposed cells. HAp and especially Ge-HAp hindered stem cell colony formation. As demonstrated above, Ge-doped HAp nanoparticles have great promise in regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility and osteoinductivity

Contamination of the Šar Mountains Aquatorium – Kosovo with Depleted Uranium

The main objective of this study was to estimate the environmental and health risk of the Šar Mountains (Kosovo) for depleted uranium contamination. The risk assessment of the contamination is needed since, in the spring of 1999, conflict with bombarding took place in the territory of the Western Balkans, during which depleted uranium ammunition was used. In Serbia and Montenegro, such tests were performed; based on them, some territories were decontaminated. Šar Mountains is particularly important as it is one of the few water-rich areas in Kosovo. Therefore, soil and water samples were taken from characteristic places in the Šar Mountains aquatorium. Tests of the samples were performed under well-controlled conditions. The measurement uncertainty was less than 5%. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that there was no contamination of the Šar Mountains with depleted uranium. This conclusion can be extended to the broader area around the Šar Mountains, as it is a safe area surrounded by high mountains

Retrospective analysis of clinical pathological findings in obstruction of lower urinary pathways in cats

Diseases of the lower urinary pathways with urethral obstruction are frequent urological conditions demanding urgent treatment that lead to the occurrence of post renal azotemia due to difficult or disabled urine elimination. The aim of these investigations was to establish the most frequent causes for the occurrence of obstructions of the lower urinary pathways in cats, the most frequent clinical signs, as well as the changes in the hematological and biochemical blood and urine parameters. The obtained results indicate that the most frequent cause of urethral obstruction in cats is the presence of urethra stones, sand, and urethra plugs caused by the aggregation of struvite crystals on organic matrix. The laboratory findings showed that all animals were dehydrated, azotemia was established in half the animals, and signs of uremia were evident in 10% cats. Over 90% cats had disrupted tubular function, and only 50% had clear laboratory signs of inflammation. It can be concluded from the presented results that all cats with urethra obstruction exhibit a certain degree of disrupted kidney function, which is, in most cases, a reversible pathological change when treated with timely and adequate therapy. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175061