Morphisms from P2 to Gr(2,C4)

In this note we study morphisms from P2 to Gr(2,C4) from the point of view of the cohomology class they represent in the Grassmannian. This leads to some new result about projection of d-uple imbedding of P2 to P5

Effect of enzyme and inoculant additives on preservation and feeding value of wheat and forage sorghum silages

Enzyme and inoculant additives produced more efficiently preserved wheat and forage sorghum silages and improved their feeding value. In general, treated silages had lower pH, acetic acid, and ammonia-nitrogen values and higher lactic acid and lactic to acetic acid ratios than untreated silages. In two of the three trials, cell wall and acid detergent fiber fractions were lower in treated than untreated silages. In Trial 2, the treated sorghum silages were extremely unstable in air and cattle performance was similar for control and treated silages. In Trial 3, gains and feed conversions in steers were improved for those fed treated forage sorghum silages

Effect of enzyme and inoculant additives on preservation and feeding value of wheat and forage sorghum silages

Enzyme and inoculant additives produced more efficiently preserved wheat and forage sorghum silages and improved their feeding value. In general, treated silages had lower pH, acetic acid, and ammonia-nitrogen values and higher lactic acid and lactic to acetic acid ratios than untreated silages. In two of the three trials, cell wall and acid detergent fiber fractions were lower in treated than untreated silages. In Trial 2, the treated sorghum silages were extremely unstable in air and cattle performance was similar for control and treated silages. In Trial 3, gains and feed conversions in steers were improved for those fed treated forage sorghum silages

Effect of moisture level and bale size on alfalfa hay quality

Third cutting alfalfa was baled in large I-ton rectangular bales and in small conventional bales at three moisture levels, low (10%), medium (16%), and high (22%). During 120 days of storage under a roof, the high-moisture, large bales heated the most, reaching 128 ̊ F by 2 days post baling in a first peak and 133 ̊F in a second peak by the 11 th day. Moderate heating occurred in the high-moisture, small bales (l08° F) and medium-moisture, large bales(103 ̊F). Only the high-moisture, small and large bales had significant loss of dry matter during storage. Also, heating decreased the water soluble carbohydrate and increased the concentration of cell wall contents by the 120th day of storage. A three-period collection and digestion trial with lambs showed higher voluntary intakes of small-bale hays than of large-bale hays and higher intakes of high-moisture hays than of low-moisture hays. Also, the dry matter and crude protein digestibilities were lowest for the high-moisture, large bale hay. These data indicate that baling alfalfa hay in large bales at 22% moisture results in extensive heating, which negatively affects storage loss, nutrient content, and digestibility

Effect of Foraform® on fermentation of alfalfa, corn, and forage sorghum silages

Foraform® was evaluated in four trials using alfalfa, corn, and two forage sorghums harvested in 1987 and ensiled in PVC laboratory silos. There was a dramatic crop by Foraform interaction, with Foraform delaying and restricting the fermentations, as expected, in alfalfa and corn. In both forage sorghum hybrids, although the ensiling process was delayed about 24 hours by the Foraform treatment, end-product silages had lower pH values and equal or higher lactic acid levels than untreated silages. Foraform was effective at both 60 to 90 F temperatures in alfalfa, with treated silages having lower lactic and acetic acids, ethanol, and ammonia-nitrogen contents and higher lactic to acetic acid ratios than untreated alfalfa silages. Similar results occurred in corn, except Foraform-treated silage had a twofold higher ethanol content than control. Although overall silage fermentation in the forage sorghums was apparently not reduced by Foraform, treated silage did have higher lactic to acetic acid ratios and lower ethanol levels, which are both indications of improved preservation

Whole-plant grain sorghum and inoculated corn silages in mid-lactation dairy cow diets

The 1989 Annual KSU Dairy Day is known as Dairy Day, 1989Whole-plant grain sorghum silage and Silo-Best-Soluble inoculated and uninoculated control corn silages were compared in complete-mixed diets for mid-lactation dairy cows. Cows fed the inoculated corn silage yielded .6 lb and those fed the grain sorghum silage yielded 1.7 lb more fat-corrected milk than those fed the control corn silage. Fat percentage for the cows fed the grain sorghum silage was .2 units greater than for those fed the control and the inoculated corn silages. Similar percentages were obtained for milk protein and solids-not-fat. Cows fed the inoculated corn silage had the highest weight gain (+150 lb), those fed the control corn silage had intermediate gains (+132 lb), and those fed the grain sorghum silage had the lowest gains (+106 lb). We conclude that dairy farmers can derive positive responses from inoculation of corn silage and that grain sorghum silage can be substituted for corn silage in mid-lactation dairy cow diets

Effect of ammonia level and treatment temperature on intake and digestibility of wheat straw by lambs

Replicate, covered wheat straw (WS) stacks were treated with 1.5 or 3.0% anhydrous ammonia in three environmental chambers at 37, 68, or 95 F, for 23 days. Then digestibility was measured (wethers). Rations were 88% wheat straw and 12% supplement. The control wheat straw was non-ammoniated but contained 5% urea in the supplement. Stack temperatures increased rapidly within 2.5 hours post-ammoniation, and equilibrated at chamber temperatures for the rest of the treatment period. Both crude protein (CP) and in vitro matter digestibility of the WS increased with ammonia level and treatment temperature. Percent of the ammonia recovered increased with temperature and was always higher with the low ammonia level treatment. Ammoniation improved ration intakes and dry matter digestibility, but did not increase CP digestibility which decreased as temperature increased. Ammoniation solubilized the hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin and increased the digestibility of the fiber components

Effect of moisture and bale type on alfalfa hay quality and digestibility

Third cutting alfalfa was baled in large rectangular bales (1,400 to 1,800 lb) and in small conventional bales (70 to 90 lb) at three moisture levels: low 00%), medium (16%), and high (22%). During 120 days of storage under a roof, the high moisture, large bales heated the most, reaching 1280 F by 2 days post-baling in a first peak and 133 ̊F in a second peak by the 11th day. Moderate heating occurred in the high moisture, small bales (l08° F) and medium moisture, large bales (103 ̊F). Only the high moisture bales, either small or large, had significant dry matter loss during storage. Also, heating decreased water soluble carbohydrates and increased the concentration of cell wall contents by the end of storage. A three-period collection and digestion trial with lambs showed higher voluntary intakes of small bale hays than of large bale hays and higher intakes of high moisture hays than of low moisture hays. Also, the dry matter and crude protein digestibilities were lowest for the high moisture, large bales. Storing alfalfa hay in large bales at 22% moisture resulted in extensive heating, which increased storage loss and decreased nutrient content and digestibility

Evaluation of inoculant and NPN silage additives: a summary of 26 trials and 65 farm-scale silages

Results from 26 trials comparing fermentation, dry matter (DM) recovery, and effects on cattle performance of inoculated or nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)-treated silages vs. controls were summarized using paired t-test analysis. Inoculants consistently improved fermentation efficiency, DM recovery, feed conversion, and gain per ton of crop ensiled in both corn and forage sorghum silages. The use of NPN, particularly urea or anhydrous ammonia, adversely affected fermentation efficiency, DM recovery, avg daily gain, and gain per ton of crop ensiled, particularly for the higher moisture forage sorghums