Postural state modulation of cortical balance reactions

Safe and effective walking is a crucial part of daily human life, but the number of injuries and resulting financial burden from falls during walking is increasing. As a result, it continues to be important to advance understanding of dynamic balance control to improve approaches to rehabilitation and minimize fall risk. The control of stability during dynamic tasks poses a particularly complex challenge to the central nervous system (CNS) as the control of balance is performed under the changing mechanical, sensory and central states. Emerging work has a revealed the potential importance of cortical contributions to the control of stability particularly in response to moments of induced instability (perturbations). A cortically-evoked potential, the N1 response, is a discrete probe that is used to assess cortical contributions to stability and is most often used to study balance control in static contexts. Towards an understanding of dynamic balance control, it is necessary to study changes in the N1 during changes in movement isolated from other dynamic control processes. The influence of varying CNS state due to movement on cortical responses has not been evaluated. The current work assesses the response of N1 potentials during changes in pre-perturbation state evoked by different pre-perturbation leaning postures. This was used to manipulate the relative amplitude of perturbation by changing the starting position of the centre of mass (COM) with respect to the base of support. Higher threat conditions occurred when the perturbation led to movement of the COM towards the already loaded side (greater threat of instability) as compared to COM movement towards the unloaded side (low threat). It was hypothesized that pre-perturbation leaning would amplify N1 responses compared to equal-weight stance. A second hypothesis was that high threat conditions would increase the N1 compared to low threat conditions. The results supported the second hypothesis, that changes in cortical and muscle activity were related to characteristics of the threat rather than pre-perturbation changes in excitability of the N1. The effect of postural state on balance reactions was observed in response latency where leaning, regardless of perturbation direction, was associated with delayed N1 potentials compared to equal-weight stance. Scaling of cortical and muscle responses across tasks indicated that changes in posture are resolved at the onset of perturbation and reactive balance control accounts for such threats alongside the perturbation. Study designs investigating dynamic changes in posture versus the static postures used here may further explain the nature of pre-perturbation state modulation

A transgenic mouse model for tumour immunotherapy: induction of an anti-idiotype response to human MUC1

MUC1 is a membrane bound, polymorphic epithelial mucin expressed at the luminal surface of glandular epithelium. It is highly expressed in an underglycosylated form on carcinomas and metastatic lesions and is, therefore, a potential target for immunotherapy of cancer. The monoclonal antibody HMFG1 binds the linear core protein sequence, PDTR, contained within the immunodominant domain of the tandem repeat of MUC1. The efficacy of murine and humanized HMFG1 (Ab1) used as an anti-idiotypic vaccine was examined in mice transgenic for human MUC1 (MUC1.Tg) challenged with murine epithelial tumour cells transfected with human MUC1. Humoral idiotypic cascade through Ab2 and Ab3 antibodies was observed in MUC1.Tg mice following multiple antibody inoculations in the presence of adjuvant. Impaired tumour growth at day 35 and highest Ab3 levels were found in mice that had received mHMFG1 with RAS adjuvant. However, comparison of Ab3 levels in individual mice with tumour size in all treatment groups did not show a correlation between smaller tumours and increased levels of anti-idiotype antibody. This suggests that the anti-tumour effects of anti-idiotype vaccination are not solely related to the induction of idiotypic antibody cascades and probably involve other mechanisms. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig

Cathodic Protection of the Yaquina Bay Bridge

The Yaquina Bay Bridge in Newport, Oregon, was designed by Conde B. McCullough and built in 1936. The 3,223-foot (982 m) structure is a combination of concrete arch approach spans and a steel through arch over the shipping channel. Cathodic protection is used to prevent corrosion damage to the concrete arches. The Oregon Department of Transportation (Oregon DOT) installed a carbon anode coating (DAC-85) on two of the north approach spans in 1985. This anode was operated at a current density of 6.6 mA/m2(0.6 mA/ft2). No failure of the conductive anode was observed in 1990, five years after application, or in 2000, 15 years after application. Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes 20 mils (0.5 mm) thick were applied to half the south approach spans beginning in 1990. Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes 15 mils (0.4 mm) thick were applied to the remaining spans in 1996. These anodes were operated at a current density of 2.2 mA/m2(0.2 mA/ft2). In 1999, four zones on the approach spans were included in a two-year field trial of humectants to improve zinc anode performance. The humectants LiNO3 and LiBr were applied to two zones; the two adjacent zones were left untreated as controls. The humectants substantially reduced circuit resistance compared to the controls

Letter from Mrs. Laylor. to Julia C. Hart.

A poet and musician, Hart was born in 1873 in Hays County, Texas. She graduated from the Waco Female Academy in 1890 and married Edward H. Hart in 1894, who died in 1900. Her well-known poem, "Star Gold," was written in memory of her son, Vernon Duggan Hart, who died in France during World War I. She lived in Stamford, Texas, and Abilene, Texas, and was active in Gold Star Mothers, Daughters of the Republic of Texas, and United Daughters of the Confederacy. She died in 1970 in Abilene, Texas.The collection includes correspondence, financial and legal material, genealogical material, literary productions, photographs, printed material, and scrapbook material pertaining to the life and activities of Julia Duggan Hart, the Duggan family, and other related families. It bulks (1902-1966) with personal papers, especially correspondence.Julia Duggan Hart Papers, 1837-1970 and undated, Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texa

Letter from Mrs. Laylor to Mrs. Hart [Julia C. Hart].

A poet and musician, Hart was born in 1873 in Hays County, Texas. She graduated from the Waco Female Academy in 1890 and married Edward H. Hart in 1894, who died in 1900. Her well-known poem, "Star Gold," was written in memory of her son, Vernon Duggan Hart, who died in France during World War I. She lived in Stamford, Texas, and Abilene, Texas, and was active in Gold Star Mothers, Daughters of the Republic of Texas, and United Daughters of the Confederacy. She died in 1970 in Abilene, Texas.The collection includes correspondence, financial and legal material, genealogical material, literary productions, photographs, printed material, and scrapbook material pertaining to the life and activities of Julia Duggan Hart, the Duggan family, and other related families. It bulks (1902-1966) with personal papers, especially correspondence.Julia Duggan Hart Papers, 1837-1970 and undated, Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texa

Characterisation of host versus graft responses following allogeneic stem cell transplantation

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

La filiación adoptiva por parte de parejas del mismo Sexo: Debate jurídico en Colombia

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Self-government experience of the Association of Indigenous Councils of Villagarzón Putumayo ACIMVIP

Fotografías, mapasDialogo de saberes del pueblo indígena, de la Asociación de Cabildos indígenas de Villagarzón Putumayo, entorno a la identificación de afectaciones culturales, territoriales y ambientales en relación con el Área de Perforación Exploratoria APE- la Cabaña de la multinacional Canadiense Gran Tierra Energy, como estrategia de exigibilidad de los derechos fundamentales de la vida, territorio, autonomía, participación y Consulta y consentimiento previo libre e informado.Dialogue of knowledge, of the Association of Indigenous Cabildos of Villagarzón Putumayo, around the identification of cultural, territorial and environmental effects in relation to the Exploratory Drilling Area APE-la Cabaña of the Canadian multinational Gran Tierra Energy, as a strategy of enforceability of the fundamental rights of life, territory, autonomy, participation and consultation and prior free and informed consent.MaestríaMaestría en Estudios AmazónicosInvestigación colaborativa, co-labor