Rapid serial naming: Developmental trajectory and relationship with the Bangor Dyslexia Test in Spanish students

This study aimed to analyse the developmental trajectory of the accuracy and speed of naming among dyslexics and developing readers from 1st to 6th grade of primary education. It examined how familiarity with the stimulus influences the performance of different naming tasks in both groups and evaluated the link between naming speed and the Bangor Dyslexia Test. With a descriptive and correlational design, eight naming tasks and the Bangor Dyslexia Test (Miles, 1982; Outón & Suárez, 2010) were administered to a sample of 198 dyslexics and 245 developing readers. The results showed that the dyslexics were slower and more inaccurate in all the naming tasks, compared with the developing readers of the same age. Greater difficulty was observed with the less familiar stimuli. It became evident that naming performance improved with age among both groups of subjects. Finally, a greater number of significant and positive correlations were found between the naming tasks and the Bangor Dyslexia Test in the dyslexic group; the strongest relationship was obtained by naming lettersS

Cost-effectiveness of the expanded programme of immunization in the Ivory Coast: A preliminary assessment

A preliminary calculation was made of the cost-effectiveness of the measles component of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in the Ivory Coast. The calculation is based on existing data (program budgets, coverage surveys, counts of vaccinations provided and subjective estimates) and applies to the first three demonstration and training zones (Abidjan, Abengourou and Korhogo) with a combined population of 1.75 million people. The average annual cost of the measles program (assumed to be 75% of all EPI costs, including supplies, personnel and equipment) in these three zones was $527,000 at 1980 prices. Having achieved an average coverage rate of 61$12. Yet, vaccinees are a sufficiently small part of the population that the cost per capita is only $0.30. The program is estimated to prevent 38,000 cases of measles and 1100 deaths per year in these three zones. Thus, the cost per measles case averted is$14, and the cost per death averted is $479. This means that the measles component of the EPI Program is highly effective in preventing deaths for the sums expended compared to many alternative health programs in developing countries.child survival cost analysis cost-benefit analysis cost-effectiveness analysis developing countries Expanded Programme on Immunization immunization Ivory Coast measles primary health care recurrent costs vaccinations West Africa

Traitement des fractures ouvertes des membres par fixateur externe a l’hopital de Sikasso (Mali)

Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer le résultat de la prise en charge par fixateur externe des fractures ouvertes dans un hôpital de deuxième référence. Dans cette étude rétrospective de Janvier 2015 au 31 décembre 2017 ; 44 patients ont été traités pour fracture ouverte de membre stabilisée par un fixateur externe. On notait 36 hommes et 8 femmes avec un âge moyen de 35,1 ans. Le délai moyen de prise en charge était de 20 jours (extrêmes de 5heures et 180 jours). La fracture siégeait au membre supérieur dans 5 cas et au membre inférieur dans 39 cas. Les traits de fracture étaient simples dans 14 cas (31,8%), bifocaux dans 4 cas (9,1%) et comminutives dans 26 cas (59,1%) dont 5 cas de perte de substance osseuse. Selon la classification de Gustilo et Anderson 3 cas (6,8%) étaient de type I, 21 cas (47,7%) de type II, 11 cas (25%) type IIIa, 8 cas (18,2%) type IIIb (18,2%) et 1 cas (2,3%) type IIIc. Le lambeau a été réalisé dans 3 cas (6,8%) et la greffe cutanée dans 10 cas (22,7%). une botte plâtrée a été réalisée dans 19 cas (34,1%) après l’ablation du fixateur externe. La cicatrisation des lésions cutanées a été obtenue dans un délai moyen de 35,5 jours (extrêmes 15 jours et 11 mois). La consolidation osseuse était acquise chez 40 patients (90,9%) dans un délai moyen de 7 mois (extrêmes 4mois et 12 mois). Les complications étaient de types infectieuses dans 20 cas (45,5 %), des troubles de la consolidation à type de 9 cas de cal vicieux, 3 cas de pseudarthrose. Une amputation trans-tibiale a été réalisée après un échec d’une ostéosynthèse associée à un geste de revascularisation d’une fracture type IIIc de G.A.. La durée moyenne d’hospitalisation a été de 39,8 jours(extrêmes 5 jours et 132jours). Le résultat fonctionnel était jugé satisfaisant dans 26 cas (59,1%), médiocre dans12 cas (27,3%) et mauvais dans 6 cas (13,6). Dans notre série les fractures ouvertes des membres type II selon GA ont été le plus rencontrées. Le type de fixateur le plus utilisé a été l’orthofix Mots clés : fractures ouvertes - membres - fixateurs externes The objective of this research was to evaluate the result of the treatment of limbs open fractures by external fixatorin a hospital ofsecond reference. Patient and method : In thisretrospective study from January 2015 to 31 December 2017, 44 patients were treated for open limb fracture stabilized by an external fixator. We noted 36 men and 8 women with an average age of 35.1 years old. The minimum period of treatment was 20 days (between 5 hours and 180 days extremes). The fracture was at the upper limb of 5 cases and the lower limb of 39 cases. The features of the fracture were simple in 14 cases (31.8%), bifocal in 4 cases (9.1%) and communicative in 26 cases (59.1%) out of which there were 5 cases of bone substance loss. According to the classification of Gustilo and Anderson, 3 cases (6.8%) were of type I, 21 cases (47.7%) of type II, 11 cases (25%) type IIIa, 8 cases (18.2%) type IIIb, and 1 case (2.3%) type IIIc. The shred was realized in 3 cases (6.8%) and the skin graft in 10 cases (22.7%). After ablation of the external fixer, a huge helping boot was realized in 19 cases (34.1%). The functional and anatomical results were analyzed. The healing of cutaneous lesions was obtained in a minimum period of 35.5 days (between 15 days and 11 months extremes). The bone consolidation was obtained with 40 patients (90.9%) in a mini mum period of 7 months (between 4 months and 12 months extremes). Complications were due to infection in 20 cases (45.5%), 9 cases (20.4%) due to mal-union and 3 cases (6.8%) due to pseudo arthrosis. A trans-tibia amputation was realized after failure of an osteosynthesis associated to a revascularization gesture of a G.A type IIIc fracture. The minimum duration of hospitalization was 39.8 days(between 5 and 132 days extremes). The functional result was judged satisfactory in 26 cases (59.1%), mediocre in 12 cases (27.3%) and bad in 6 cases (13.6). In ourstudy, the open limb fractures of type II were the most encountered according to GA. The mostly used type of fixator was Orthofix.Key words: open fracture - limbs - externar fixato