1,101 research outputs found
An Analytic Equation of State for Ising-like Models
Using an Environmentally Friendly Renormalization we derive, from an
underlying field theory representation, a formal expression for the equation of
state, , that exhibits all desired asymptotic and analyticity
properties in the three limits , and . The only
necessary inputs are the Wilson functions , and
, associated with a renormalization of the transverse vertex
functions. These Wilson functions exhibit a crossover between the Wilson-Fisher
fixed point and the fixed point that controls the coexistence curve.
Restricting to the case N=1, we derive a one-loop equation of state for naturally parameterized by a ratio of non-linear scaling fields. For
we show that a non-parameterized analytic form can be deduced. Various
asymptotic amplitudes are calculated directly from the equation of state in all
three asymptotic limits of interest and comparison made with known results. By
positing a scaling form for the equation of state inspired by the one-loop
result, but adjusted to fit the known values of the critical exponents, we
obtain better agreement with known asymptotic amplitudes.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Critical-point scaling function for the specific heat of a Ginzburg-Landau superconductor
If the zero-field transition in high temperature superconductors such as
YBa_2Cu_3O_7-\delta is a critical point in the universality class of the
3-dimensional XY model, then the general theory of critical phenomena predicts
the existence of a critical region in which thermodynamic functions have a
characteristic scaling form. We report the first attempt to calculate the
universal scaling function associated with the specific heat, for which
experimental data have become available in recent years. Scaling behaviour is
extracted from a renormalization-group analysis, and the 1/N expansion is
adopted as a means of approximation. The estimated scaling function is
qualitatively similar to that observed experimentally, and also to the
lowest-Landau-level scaling function used by some authors to provide an
alternative interpretation of the same data. Unfortunately, the 1/N expansion
is not sufficiently reliable at small values of N for a quantitative fit to be
feasible.Comment: 20 pages; 4 figure
Nonequilibrium perturbation theory for spin-1/2 fields
A partial resummation of perturbation theory is described for field theories
containing spin-1/2 particles in states that may be far from thermal
equilibrium. This allows the nonequilibrium state to be characterized in terms
of quasiparticles that approximate its true elementary excitations. In
particular, the quasiparticles have dispersion relations that differ from those
of free particles, finite thermal widths and occupation numbers which, in
contrast to those of standard perturbation theory evolve with the changing
nonequilibrium environment. A description of this kind is essential for
estimating the evolution of the system over extended periods of time. In
contrast to the corresponding description of scalar particles, the structure of
nonequilibrium fermion propagators exhibits features which have no counterpart
in the equilibrium theory.Comment: 16 pages; no figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Component masses of young, wide, non-magnetic white dwarf binaries in the SDSS DR7
We present a spectroscopic component analysis of 18 candidate young, wide,
non-magnetic, double-degenerate binaries identified from a search of the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (DR7). All but two pairings are likely to be
physical systems. We show SDSS J084952.47+471247.7 + SDSS J084952.87+471249.4
to be a wide DA+DB binary, only the second identified to date. Combining our
measurements for the components of 16 new binaries with results for three
similar, previously known systems within the DR7, we have constructed a mass
distribution for the largest sample to date (38) of white dwarfs in young,
wide, non-magnetic, double-degenerate pairings. This is broadly similar in form
to that of the isolated field population with a substantial peak around M~0.6
Msun. We identify an excess of ultra-massive white dwarfs and attribute this to
the primordial separation distribution of their progenitor systems peaking at
relatively larger values and the greater expansion of their binary orbits
during the final stages of stellar evolution. We exploit this mass distribution
to probe the origins of unusual types of degenerates, confirming a mild
preference for the progenitor systems of high-field-magnetic white dwarfs, at
least within these binaries, to be associated with early-type stars.
Additionally, we consider the 19 systems in the context of the stellar initial
mass-final mass relation. None appear to be strongly discordant with current
understanding of this relationship.Comment: 20 pages, 5 Tables, 7 figures. accepted for publication in MNRA
Scaling in high-temperature superconductors
A Hartree approximation is used to study the interplay of two kinds of
scaling which arise in high-temperature superconductors, namely critical-point
scaling and that due to the confinement of electron pairs to their lowest
Landau level in the presence of an applied magnetic field. In the neighbourhood
of the zero-field critical point, thermodynamic functions scale with the
scaling variable , which differs from the variable
suggested by the gaussian approximation.
Lowest-Landau-level (LLL) scaling occurs in a region of high field surrounding
the upper critical field line but not in the vicinity of the zero-field
transition. For YBaCuO in particular, a field of at least 10 T is needed to
observe LLL scaling. These results are consistent with a range of recent
experimental measurements of the magnetization, transport properties and,
especially, the specific heat of high- materials.Comment: 22 pages + 1 figure appended as postscript fil
Nonequilibrium perturbation theory for complex scalar fields
Real-time perturbation theory is formulated for complex scalar fields away
from thermal equilibrium in such a way that dissipative effects arising from
the absorptive parts of loop diagrams are approximately resummed into the
unperturbed propagators. Low order calculations of physical quantities then
involve quasiparticle occupation numbers which evolve with the changing state
of the field system, in contrast to standard perturbation theory, where these
occupation numbers are frozen at their initial values. The evolution equation
of the occupation numbers can be cast approximately in the form of a Boltzmann
equation. Particular attention is given to the effects of a non-zero chemical
potential, and it is found that the thermal masses and decay widths of
quasiparticle modes are different for particles and antiparticles.Comment: 15 pages using RevTeX; 2 figures in 1 Postscript file; Submitted to
Phys. Rev.
Crossovers from parity conserving to directed percolation universality
The crossover behavior of various models exhibiting phase transition to
absorbing phase with parity conserving class has been investigated by numerical
simulations and cluster mean-field method. In case of models exhibiting Z_2
symmetric absorbing phases (the NEKIMCA and Grassberger's A stochastic cellular
automaton) the introduction of an external symmetry breaking field causes a
crossover to kink parity conserving models characterized by dynamical scaling
of the directed percolation (DP) and the crossover exponent: 1/\phi ~ 0.53(2).
In case an even offspringed branching and annihilating random walk model (dual
to NEKIMCA) the introduction of spontaneous particle decay destroys the parity
conservation and results in a crossover to the DP class characterized by the
crossover exponent: 1/\phi\simeq 0.205(5). The two different kinds of crossover
operators can't be mapped onto each other and the resulting models show a
diversity within the DP universality class in one dimension. These
'sub-classes' differ in cluster scaling exponents.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted version in PR
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