369 research outputs found
Chapter 14- The Mentoring Program as a Research Project
Chapter 14, âThe Mentoring Program as a Research Project,â helps stakeholders, program coordinators, and researchers distinguish the differences and similarities between program evaluation and program research. If stakeholders choose to include program research, they will need approval from their universityâs institutional review board (IRB). Therefore, the second section of this chapter helps stakeholders navigate the IRB. The third section of this chapter describes how theoretical frameworks, operational definitions of mentoring, and methodological designs factor into mentoring programs that contain research. While all formal mentoring programs in academia should include theoretical frameworks, operational definitions, and sound methodology, many do not. The third section of this chapter highlights the interconnectedness between theory, definitions, methods, and measurements. The fourth and final section provides examples of measurements that can be used. Some of these measurements may be used for both evaluative and research purposes
THE PRINCIPALâS ROLE IN INCREASING TEACHER IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES IN MARION COUNTY, INDIANA: AN ANALYSIS OF KEY STRATEGIES FOR PRINCIPALS IN SUSTAINING SCHOOL CHANGE
The attributes of an urban principal that make them successful against all odds, in spite of pressure, limited funding, and other dynamics of urban schools, are characteristics that hold true to those who focus their role as instructional leaders. Improvement has been traditionally more difficult to achieve in this day of high-stakes testing and accountability, especially in urban schools. Teachersâ perceptions of their principals influence the implementation of school improvement initiatives, which, in turn, influence student achievement and school improvement.
This quantitative study examined principalsâ and teachersâ perceptions of leadership actions that increase the implementation of school improvement initiatives in five school improvement categories. The five school improvement categoriesâschool improvement, principal as instructional leader, creating a culture for learning, professional development and teacher supervision, and sustaining school improvementâwere established as a result of discovered themes from current research on factors impacting school improvement.
The sample comprised 206 teachers and 56 principals in five school districts in Marion County, Indiana. A Leadership Action Survey was created using an accumulation of existing surveys in order to measure the perceptions on the importance of leadership actions on school improvement by teachers and principals. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the research questions.
The study determined that there were minimal differences that exist between the perceptions of principals and teachers on the leadership actions that increase teachersâ implementation of school improvement initiates. When the teacher group was separated, the analysis found that there were significant differences among novice teachers, experienced teachers, and principals in their perceptions regarding the leadership actions that increase teachersâ implementation of school improvement initiatives in each of the five school improvement categories. In all school improvement categories, the principals rated the role of the principal significantly higher than the experienced teachers
Electromagnetic Leptogenesis
We present a new leptogenesis scenario, where the lepton asymmetry is
generated by CP violating decays of heavy electroweak singlet neutrinos via
electromagnetic dipole moment couplings to the ordinary light neutrinos. Akin
to the usual scenario where the decays are mediated through Yukawa
interactions, we have shown, by explicit calculations, that the desired
asymmetry can be produced through the interference of the corresponding
tree-level and one-loop decay amplitudes involving the effective dipole moment
operators. We also find that the relationship of the leptogenesis scale to the
light neutrino masses is similar to that for the standard Yukawa-mediated
mechanism.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures; v2: some references added, minor change to
discussion, accepted by PR
Impact of gastric perâoral endoscopic myotomy on static and dynamic pyloric function in gastroparesis patients
BackgroundFunctional Lumen Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP) tests typically measure static pyloric parameters, but the pylorus exhibits phasic variations on manometry. Dynamic changes in pyloric function have not been quantified using EndoFLIP, and the impact of Gastric PerâOral Endoscopic Myotomy (GâPOEM) on static and dynamic pyloric activity in gastroparesis is unknown.MethodsEndoFLIP balloon inflation to 30, 40, and 50Â mL was performed to measure mean, maximum, and minimum values and variability in pyloric diameter and distensibility before and after GâPOEM in 20 patients with refractory gastroparesis. The impact of phasic contractions on these pyloric measures was compared.Key ResultsGâPOEM increased mean (PÂ <Â .0001) and maximum (PÂ =Â .0002) pyloric diameters and mean (PÂ =Â .02) and maximum (PÂ =Â .02) pyloric distensibility on 50Â mL EndoFLIP inflation but not intraballoon pressures or minimum diameters or distensibility. Temporal variability of pyloric diameter (PÂ =Â .02) and distensibility (PÂ =Â .02) also increased after GâPOEM. Phasic coupled contractions propagating from the antrum through the pylorus were observed in 37.5% of recordings; other phasic activity including isolated pyloric contractions were seen in 23.3%. Variability of pyloric diameter and distensibility tended to be higher during recordings with phasic activity. Some pyloric responses to GâPOEM were influenced by age, gastroparesis etiology, gastric emptying, and prior botulinum toxin injection.Conclusions & InferencesPyloric activity exhibits dynamic changes on EndoFLIP testing in gastroparesis. GâPOEM increases maximal but not minimal diameter and distensibility with increased variations, suggesting this therapy enhances pyloric opening but may not impair pyloric closure. Phasic pyloric contractions contribute to variations in pyloric activity.We employed Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP)tests toshowincreases in pyloric diameter and variability of diameter after gastricperoralendoscopicmyotomy(GâPOEM ingastroparesis patients (left graphs). Variability of pyloric activity was noted before and after GâPOEM which was partly due to propagated antropyloriccontractions (3âD plot on right) detected by EndoFLIP.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163489/2/nmo13892_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163489/1/nmo13892.pd
Medulloblastoma has a global impact on health related quality of life: Findings from an international cohort.
BackgroundUnderstanding the global impact of medulloblastoma on health related quality of life (HRQL) is critical to characterizing the broad impact of this disease and realizing the benefits of modern treatments. We evaluated HRQL in an international cohort of pediatric medulloblastoma patients.MethodsSeventy-six patients were selected from 10 sites across North America, Europe, and Asia, who participated in the Medulloblastoma Advanced Genomics International Consortium (MAGIC). The Health Utilities Index (HUI) was administered to patients and/or parents at each site. Responses were used to determine overall HRQL and attributes (ie specific subdomains). The impact of various demographic and medical variables on HRQL was considered-including molecular subgroup.ResultsThe majority of patients reported having moderate or severe overall burden of morbidity for both the HUI2 and HUI3 (HUI2 = 60%; HUI3 = 72.1%) when proxy-assessed. Self-care in the HUI2 was rated as higher (ie better outcome) for patients from Western versus Eastern sites, P = .02. Patients with nonmetastatic status had higher values (ie better outcomes) for the HUI3 hearing, HUI3 pain, and HUI2 pain, all P < .05. Patients treated with a gross total resection also had better outcomes for the HUI3 hearing (P = .04). However, those who underwent a gross total resection reported having worse outcomes on the HUI3 vision (P = .02). No differences in HRQL were evident as a function of subgroup.ConclusionsBy examining an international sample of survivors, we characterized the worldwide impact of medulloblastoma. This is a critical first step in developing global standards for evaluating long-term outcomes
Report of the 2020-2021 Strategic Engagement Standing Committee
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP), strategic engagement is critical to the success of colleges and schools of pharmacy in expanding pharmacy and public health practice, meeting programmatic needs, and fulfilling institutional missions. The 2020-2021 Strategic Engagement Standing Committee was charged with identifying effective strategies to leverage the temporary expansion of pharmacist practice capabilities granted during the COVID-19 pandemic for sustained practice. The group was also tasked with looking at ways to partner with the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), our medicine counterparts to develop a plan for collaborating with them to advance interprofessional practice. In this unique year, all standing committees were charged with reading all the reports last year to put President Linâs charges into perspective with the hopes of carrying over the overall theme and work of the previous years committee. Overall, throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been several expansions on the scope of practice for pharmacists and vary by state. We hope to draw out some of those expansions to see how we can build upon efforts to make those permanent
Recommendations for Online Teaching
This is a collection of recommendations drawn from a variety of sources, including our colleagues, students, webinars, books, articles, podcasts, and our own experimentation. It is not our expectation that any individual professor would adopt all of these suggestions and indeed no one of us intends to. Instead, we hope that some of these are helpful to you. Some suggestions deal with the nuts and bolts of teaching online while others with how to accomplish broader goals.
The general recommendations are broadly applicable to all courses taught online, while the individual class-type recommendations are intended to complement and augment the general recommendations. Additionally, these recommendations will be revised as we continue to learn from our experiences in online instruction
Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) for refractory gastroparesis: results from an international prospective trial
OBJECTIVE: Although gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) is considered a promising technique for the management of refractory gastroparesis, high-quality evidence is limited. We prospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of G-POEM in unselected patients with refractory gastroparesis.
DESIGN: In five tertiary centres, patients with symptomatic gastroparesis refractory to standard medical therapy and confirmed by impaired gastric emptying were included. The primary endpoint was clinical success, defined as at least one score decrease in Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) with â„25% decrease in two subscales, at 12 months. GCSI Score and subscales, adverse events (AEs) and 36-Item Short Form questionnaire of quality of life were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after G-POEM. Gastric emptying study was performed before and 3 months after the procedure.
RESULTS: Of 80 enrolled patients, 75 patients (94%) completed 12-month follow-up. Clinical success at 12 months was 56% (95% CI, 44.8 to 66.7). GCSI Score (including subscales) improved moderately after G-POEM (p\u3c0.05). In a regression model, a baseline GCSI Score \u3e2.6 (OR=3.23, p=0.04) and baseline gastric retention \u3e20% at 4 hours (OR=3.65, p=0.03) were independent predictors of clinical success at 12 months, as was early response to G-POEM at 1 month after therapy (OR 8.75, p\u3c0.001). Mild procedure-related AEs occurred in 5 (6%) patients.
CONCLUSION: G-POEM is a safe procedure, but showed only modest overall effectiveness in the treatment of refractory gastroparesis. Further studies are required to identify the best candidates for G-POEM; unselective use of this procedure should be discouraged.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry NCT02732821
Recommendations on inclusive language and transparent reporting relating to diversity dimensions for the Journal of Pediatric Psychology and Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology
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