Homo cerevisiae-Leveraging Yeast for Investigating Protein-Protein Interactions and Their Role in Human Disease.

peer reviewedUnderstanding how genetic variation affects phenotypes represents a major challenge, particularly in the context of human disease. Although numerous disease-associated genes have been identified, the clinical significance of most human variants remains unknown. Despite unparalleled advances in genomics, functional assays often lack sufficient throughput, hindering efficient variant functionalization. There is a critical need for the development of more potent, high-throughput methods for characterizing human genetic variants. Here, we review how yeast helps tackle this challenge, both as a valuable model organism and as an experimental tool for investigating the molecular basis of phenotypic perturbation upon genetic variation. In systems biology, yeast has played a pivotal role as a highly scalable platform which has allowed us to gain extensive genetic and molecular knowledge, including the construction of comprehensive interactome maps at the proteome scale for various organisms. By leveraging interactome networks, one can view biology from a systems perspective, unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic diseases, and identify therapeutic targets. The use of yeast to assess the molecular impacts of genetic variants, including those associated with viral interactions, cancer, and rare and complex diseases, has the potential to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype, opening the door for precision medicine approaches and therapeutic development

Common Practice Solvent Extraction Does not Reflect Actual Emission of a Sex Pheromone During Butterfly Courtship

Olfactory communication can be of critical importance for mate choice decisions. Lepidoptera are key model systems for understanding olfactory communication, particularly considering sex pheromone signaling in the context of sexual selection. Solvent extraction or rinsing of pheromone-producing structures is a widespread method for quantifying sex pheromones, but such measures reflect what is stored and may not represent what is actually emitted by an individual during courtship. Here, we address this point for the first time by quantifying the components of the male sex pheromone (MSP) of interacting Bicyclus anynana butterflies, a species for which much information is available onthe role played by MSPs in affecting mating success. Using headspace sampling during courtship and solvent extraction after completion of experiments using the same males, we were able to track individual traits. Our results show that solvent extracts do not reflect quantities of MSP components emitted by live butterflies. We further show that MSP amounts obtained using headspace sampling correlated with male mating success, but solvent extracts did not. Our results further strongly suggest that males actively control MSP emission when faced with increased male-male competition. Common practice solvent extracts may thus not serve as an adequate proxy for male sex pheromone signaling as they are perceived by choosy females. Our study serves as a proof of principle that quantification of male sex pheromone components depends on the method of collection, which could apply to many other insects using short-range chemical signals. This affects our understanding of how sexual selection shapes the evolution of sexually-selected chemical traits

Résultats radiologiques au recul moyen de 18.82 ans d une série continue de 36 prothèses totales de hanche ceraver-osteal avec bille de 32 mm, couple alumine-polyéthylène

Il s agit d une étude rétrospective, unicentrique réalisée entre 1983 et 1988 sur l usure du couple alumine (bille de 32 mm) polyéthylène dans les prothèses totales de hanche (pth). Notre série, continue, se compose de 122 pth. Le recul minimal est de 15 ans pour une moyenne de 18.82 ans. 36 pth correspondent aux critères précédents chez 26 patients. L étiologie majoritaire de notre série est la coxarthrose primitive. Uniquement deux patients ont nécessité une reprise de leur pth pour luxation récidivante. Nous avons procédé à une analyse radiographique afin de dépister des descellements tant de la cupule que de l implant fémoral et mesuré l usure selon la méthode de Livermore et par deux autres méthodes. Trois pth ont un descellement probable ou possible de la cupule. 8 pth ont un descellement probable de l implant fémoral. Concernant l usure radiologique, elle est mesurée à 0.075 mm/an (Livermore). Ce travail fait donc la démonstration que ce couple de frottement est une alternative intéressante au couple métal polyéthylène pour l use avec l atout d une bille de 32 mm concernant les luxations récidivantes.PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Arlequin (version 3.0): An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis

Arlequin ver 3.0 is a software package integrating several basic and advanced methods for population genetics data analysis, like the computation of standard genetic diversity indices, the estimation of allele and haplotype frequencies, tests of departure from linkage equilibrium, departure from selective neutrality and demographic equilibrium, estimation or parameters from past population expansions, and thorough analyses of population subdivision under the AMOVA framework. Arlequin 3 introduces a completely new graphical interface written in C++, a more robust semantic analysis of input files, and two new methods: a Bayesian estimation of gametic phase from multi-locus genotypes, and an estimation of the parameters of an instantaneous spatial expansion from DNA sequence polymorphism. Arlequin can handle several data types like DNA sequences, microsatellite data, or standard multi-locus genotypes. A Windows version of the software is freely available on http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3

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Interface fractale

SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : RP 12371 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc