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Methods in examining Sense-perception : John Philoponus and Ps.-Simplicius

Le présent texte discute les méthodes utilisées par Philopon et Pseudo-Simplicius lorsqu’ils commentent la théorie de la perception sensible d’Aristote, et il marque leurs différences. Philopon fait un fréquent usage de théories médicales et de matériel empirique, empruntés principalement à Aristote, afin de mettre en lumière non pas seulement les activités des différents sens, mais aussi une certaine conscience ainsi que la façon dont nous expérimentons nos états intérieurs. Par contre, son contemporain Athénien, Pseudo-Simplicius, méconnaît complètement de tels aspects. Sa méthode est déductive : il fait appel à une thèse générale, empruntée en partie à Iamblichus, dont il déduit des thèses relatives à la perception sensible. L’accent est mis ici sur la doctrine de Philopon, car son recours à des perspectives médicales donne lieu à un mélange intéressant de théories platoniciennes et de théories médicales empiriques.The paper discusses the methods applied by Philoponus and Pseudo-Simplicius in commenting on Aristotle’s theory of sense-perception, and indicates their differences. Philoponus frequently employs medical theories and empirical material, mostly taken from Aristotle, to highlight not only the activities of the particular senses, but also a certain kind of awareness and the way we experience our inner states. By contrast, his Athenian contemporary Pseudo-Simplicius disregards such aspects altogether. His method is deductive : He relies on some general thesis, partly taken from Iamblichus, from which to derive theses on sense-perception. The emphasis falls on Philoponus’ doctrine since his reliance on medical views leads to an interesting blend of Platonic and medical/empirical theories

The Relationships Among Sleep Quality, Self-Efficacy And Performance In A Military Setting

This study examined sleep, self-efficacy, and confidence and their effect on performance. Cadets from an Army Reserve officer training corps (ROTC) program were surveyed about their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), their fatigue using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), their sleep quantity using the Rosenkind formula, their confidence using the competitive trait anxiety index (CTAI-2), their self-efficacy using a task specific questionnaire, and performance was measured via the Army physical fitness test (APFT). The data from each variable was analyzed through correlations and regressions. The results support the hypothesis of cadets who have poorer sleep quality are less efficacious in their abilities subsequently score lower on their Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT). Further research is suggested to explore the mediation effect of sleep quantity and quality on self-efficacy and performance