The compliance of road users with the speed limit at school zones on federal road ft50 (km0-km23)

Driving speed at school zone is an important concern on road safety. In Malaysia, the speed limit of 30km/hr is mandatory at school zone. Thus, this study aims to investigate the compliance of road users towards the speed limit and the signage at school zone and determine the factors of non- compliance. The research was conducted along the Federal Road of Batu Pahat and Ayer Hitam Johor FT050 (KM0-KM23) where 7 schools were situated. Methods used are spot speed and site visit as well as obtaining the road accident statistics from the Royal Malaysian Police. The data collected was analysed, those above 85th percentile speed and below 15th percentile speed did not comply with the speed limit imposed 30km/hr signs. The results show most of the road users failed to obey the 30kn/hr speed limit at all the study locations and the factor affecting this are aggressive driving and signage not meeting the required standards. As consequences, there in an increasing trend of road accidents along FT050

Headland-bay beach planform stability of Santa Catarina State and of the Northern Coast of São Paulo State

This paper presents the results of the planform stability classification for the headland-bay beaches of the State of Santa Catarina and of the Northern Coast of São Paulo, based on the application of the Parabolic Bay-Shape Equation (PBSE) to aerial images of the beaches, using the software MEPBAY®. For this purpose, georeferenced mosaics of the QuickBird2® satellite imagery (for the State of Santa Catarina) and vertical aerial photographs (for the northern coast of São Paulo State) were used. Headland-bay beach planform stability can be classified as: (1) in static equilibrium, (2) in dynamic equilibrium, (3) unstable or (4) in a state of natural beach reshaping. Static equilibrium beaches are the most frequent along the coast of the State of Santa Catarina and the Northern Shore of São Paulo, notably along the most rugged sectors of the coast and those with experiencing lower fluvial discharge. By comparison, dynamic equilibrium beaches occur primarily on the less rugged sectors of the coast and along regions with higher fluvial discharge. Beaches in a state of natural beach reshaping have only been found in SC, associated with stabilized estuarine inlets or port breakwaters. However, it is not possible to classify any of these beaches as unstable because only one set of images was used. No clear relation was observed between a beach's planform stability and other classification factors, such as morphodynamics or orientation.<br>Este trabalho apresenta resultados da classificação da estabilidade da forma em planta das praias de enseada do Estado de Santa Catarina e do Litoral Norte de São Paulo, realizada através da aplicação do modelo parabólico a imagens aéreas utilizando o software MEPBAY®. Para isso foram construídos mosaicos georeferenciados com imagens do satélite QuickBird2® (para o Estado de Santa Catarina) e com fotografias aéreas verticais (para o Litoral Norte de São Paulo). Quanto à estabilidade de sua forma em planta, as praias de enseada podem ser classificadas como: (1) equilíbrio estático, (2) equilíbrio dinâmico, (3) instável e (4) remodelamento natural. No Estado de Santa Catarina e no Litoral Norte de São Paulo foi observado o domínio de praias em equilíbrio estático, predominantemente nos setores do litoral que são mais recortados e apresentam menor aporte fluvial. As praias em equilíbrio dinâmico, por outro lado, são mais freqüentes nos setores menos recortados e com maior influências do aporte sedimentar por via fluvial. Praias em remodelamento natural ocorrem apenas em SC, associadas à desembocadura de rios retificados ou a quebra-mares de portos. Como foi utilizada apenas uma série de imagens, não foi possível enquadrar praias no estado instável. Não foi observada uma clara relação entre o estado de equilíbrio da forma em planta com outras classificações de praias, como morfodinâmica e orientação