Reconciliation: All Our Relations

The author shares the national, community (local) and individual discourses taking place as they pertain to the reconciliation process that is happening with Indigenous and Settler peoples in Canada. Importantly, the author sheds light on a multitude of local efforts of reconciliation happening that have not yet made it to academic discourses and publications, but which could be instrumental in contributing to reconciliation. A key component emphasized in these reconciliation efforts and which could be the catalyst for change, is the importance of relationships. Stemming from an Indigenous epistemological perspective, the creation of positive relationships with others and ‘all our relations’ begins with oneself

Transition in FSU and sub-Saharan countries: The role of institutions

This study compares transition processes in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union (FSU) and sub-Saharan Africa. By widening the scope from most- to least-developed transition economies, the study establishes the importance of a strong state with evolved institutional capacity to protect citizens, enforce property rights and generate social capital. The evidence presented further argues that enforceable, credible property rights with associated market discipline are among the best antidotes to corruption, shadow economies, criminal injustice and poverty. The presence of accountable institutions also influences economic growth and the ability of a country to attract trade and foreign direct investment. Consequently, when institutions of FSU and sub-Saharan countries develop to the point they become attractive to traders and investors from rich countries, their governments need to focus on abolition of barriers to trade, investment and capital. The author commends the recent reorientation of the international donor community towards encouraging recipient governments to commit credibly to increasing capacities of their state institutions with a view to supporting property-based rule of law and social order.

Sequential reform strategy: The case of Azerbaijan

The aim is to review transition literature for evidence that supports sequential reform strategy, as presented in this report. The second part discusses the findings in the context of Azerbaijan, a formerly socialist transition economy with interesting initial conditions. Evidence of the country's current need to focus on improving public services fits well with the sequential reform view. The authors argue that constraints captured by initial conditions (human resources, administrative capacities, traditions, etc.) necessitate sequencing of reforms and outline general aspects of a sequential reform strategy designed to expedite the transition process. The literature survey supports the Washington Consensus recommendations for starting transition with macroeconomic reforms, but over time initial conditions inevitably constrain and necessitate sequencing. In other words, reform efforts initially need to be directed across the widest possible front, but later in transition the emphasis of reform efforts needs to shift from one area to another. In the later stages, emphasis needs to be laid on improvement of public sector governance to support and promote macroeconomic reforms and formation of a healthy corporate sector. Democratic institutions arise with economic growth generated by the corporate sector.transition economics; sequencing; governance; macroeconomic reforms; structural reforms; private sector; democracy; Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan: Recent Economic Developments and Policy Issues in Sustainability of Growth

The macro economic stabilisation in Azerbaijan has been successful. Following cessation of conflict with Armenia, and decline of GDP by 60 per cent from 1990 to 1995, the government in effect implemented a big-bang reform process in 1995. The inflation rate has now declined to the lowest rate of any transition country and important reforms in the monetary-fiscal mix have been undertaken. The second plank of first generation reforms, liberalisation, has also been successfully implemented with liberalisation of prices, the trade and foreign exchange regimes and virtual completion of small-scale privatisation, although the onset of the Russian crisis in 1998 has impacted negatively both internal and external balances. The paper presents the current economic picture for Azerbaijan and then assesses economic policy issues facing the country. Azerbaijan is well endowed with natural resources, particularly oil but also gas. The second part of the paper considers the question by focussing on policy issues related to the potential flow of oil-based monies into Azerbaijan. The possibility of the “Dutch Disease” syndrome impacting Azerbaijan through a rising real exchange rate on the non-oil sector is not considered to be a problem at present but is expected to become a policy concern in the medium- to long term. Structural reforms in public finance to deal with expected surpluses are lagging and are necessary in the next phase of the transition of Azerbaijan. Moreover, significant reforms are required in banking – privatisation, improvement in regulation and supervision and in the implementation of supporting legal rights, given the current lack of financial intermediation.Azerbaijan; economic development; oil; Dutch Disease; transition economies

Säilytystappiot perunan talvisäilytyksessä.

vokKirjasto Aj-kDie verluste aufbewahrung der kartoffelin über den winte

Maatalouden kokonaislaskelmat 1975-1980

vokKirjasto Aj-

Liiketoimintasuunnitelma ratsastuskoululle

Tämän toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tuottaa aloittavalle ratsastuskoululle toteuttamiskelpoinen ja kannattava liiketoimintasuunnitelma, jonka avulla tuleva yrittäjä voisi tehdä yrityksen perustamisvaiheessa suurimmat päätökset. Opinnäytetyön kirjoittaja oli kiinnostunut yrityksen perustamisesta tulevaisuudessa, joten hän toimi samalla työn toimeksiantajana. Ratsastuskoulu suunniteltiin perustettavaksi Riihimäelle lähitulevaisuudessa. Opinnäytetyö koostui kahdesta osasta; teoriaosuudesta ja toiminnallisesta osuudesta eli liiketoimintasuunnitelmasta. Teoriaosuus sisälsi liiketoimintasuunnitelman osa-alueita, jotka ovat merkittäviä juuri ratsastuskoulun perustamisessa. Varsinaista liiketoimintasuunnitelmaa tehtäessä hyödynnettiin teoriaosuudessa tutkittuja kohtia. Lähteinä käytettiin liiketoimintasuunnitelmasta ja yrittäjyydestä kertovaa kirjallisuutta ja verkkolähteitä, sekä toimialan verkkolähteitä ja tutkimuksia. Työn tulos oli kattava liiketoimintasuunnitelma, josta selvisi, että ratsastuskoulun perustaminen olisi mahdollista. Liiketoimintasuunnitelma antaa tulevalle yrittäjälle esimerkkejä yrityksen toimintamalleista, mutta taloudelliset laskelmat tulisi päivittää ennen yrityksen perustamista. Liiketoimintasuunnitelman avulla yrittäjällä on mahdollisuus onnistua liiketoiminnassaan.The purpose of this functional thesis was to produce a feasible and profitable business plan to establish a riding school. The author of this thesis is interested in establishing such a company in the future, thus the idea for the thesis. The riding school is planned to be set up in Riihimäki in the near future. The thesis consists of two parts; a theoretical part and functional part, i.e. the business plan. The target was to create a business plan that will help the future entrepreneur to make the decision to start up a business and apply for funding. The business plan will be confidential. The theoretical part of the business plan includes areas that are significant when planning a riding school as a business. The actual business plan is based on the findings of the theoretical part. The sources used were from relevant literature on entrepreneurship and business plan. Also online sources and studies were used. The outcome of the thesis is a comprehensive business plan that shows clearly that the establishment of a riding school would be feasible. The business plan provides the future entrepreneur examples of the company’s operating models but economic calculations should be upgraded before the company is founded. The business plan gives the entrepreneur the opportunity to succeed in the riding school business

Interspecific hybrids of potato : determination of glycoalkaloid aglycones and influence of bacterial infection

v2004okKJB. Yksikön huom.: KJBDiss. : Helsingin yliopisto, 200

Haastavat asiakassuhteet : Graafikon näkökulma

Tarkoitukseni tässä tutkielmassa oli selvittää, millaisten haastavien tilanteiden ja asiakkaiden kanssa graafikko joutuu tekemisiin työssään. Lisäksi tutkin, mitä keinoja suunnittelijalla on selvittää mahdolliset ristiriitatilanteet asiakkaiden parissa ja luoda pysyvä asiakassuhde. Kerron myös, ketä ovat hankalat asiakkaat ja miten heidän kanssaan tulisi toimia. Näiden asioiden avaamiseksi perehdyin neuvottelu- ja keskustelutaitoa, tiimityöskentelyä ja asiakaspalvelua koskevaan kirjallisuuteen sekä toteutin kyselyn kolmelle mainosalan ammattilaiselle. Vastauksista kävi ilmi, että haastavien asiakkaiden kanssa työskentely on suunnittelijalle arkipäivää ja ongelmallisilta tilanteilta ei aina voi välttyä. Usein ratkaisuksi riittää, että suunnittelija keskittää kaiken huomionsa asiakkaaseen ja kuuntelee häntä. Kun asiakas kokee suunnittelijan ajavan hänen etuaan, on graafisen suunnittelijan vaivattomampi saada ideansa myytyä. Joissain tapauksissa voivat ristiriidat olla liian haastavia selvittää ja asiakassuhde päättyy. Ristiriidat aiheuttavat stressiä, mutta oikein asennoitumalla ne voivat olla myös mahdollisuus kehittyä. Tällöin käteen jää muutakin kuin stressiä ja mielipahaa puolin ja toisin.The intention of this thesis was to investigate the types of challenging situations with clients which a graphic designer meets in his/her work. In addition, the aim is to study what kind of means does the designer have in clarifying potential conflicts with the client and creating a permanent relationship. Moreover, the study includes a description of tough customers and how they should be met. In order to familiarize with these things, literature concerning negotiation and conversational skills, teamwork and customer service were studied as well as a questionnaire was sent to three advertising professionals. The answers show that working with challenging clients is common during a designer`s working day, and problematic situations cannot always be avoided. The solution is often sufficient when the designer concentrates all his/her attention to the customer and listens to him. When the client feels the designer is pursuing his interests, it is easier to sell the designer`s own ideas. In some cases, conflicts can be too challenging to be solved, and the customer relationship ends. Conflicts cause stress, but with a correct attitude they may also be an opportunity to develop oneself. In this kind of case you also receive something else than stress and resentment