Contracts and production

It is argued that a change in the prevailing theory of production is also influencing how contracts, especially in construction, are being conceived. It is contended that the theoretical shift in question, both in production and contracting, concerns the metaphysical presuppositions of respective theories. This claim is further justified through a critical analysis of how risks and collaboration between parties are considered in conventional contracting

Lepton-mass effects in the decays H→ZZ∗→ℓ+ℓ−τ+τ−H \to ZZ^{\ast} \to \ell^{+} \ell^{-} \tau^{+} \tau^{-} and H→WW∗→ℓντντH \to WW^{\ast} \to \ell \nu \tau \nu_{\tau}

We consider lepton-mass effects in the cascade decays $H\to Z(\to \ell^{+} \ell^{-})+Z^{\ast}(\to \tau^{+}\tau^{-})$ and $H\to W^{-}(\to \ell^{-}\bar \nu_{\ell})+W^{+\ast}(\to \tau^{+}\nu_{\tau})$. Since the scale of the problem is set by the off-shellness $q^{2}$ of the respective gauge bosons in the limits $(m_{\ell}+m_{\ell'})^{2} \le q^{2} \le (m_{H}-m_{W,Z})^{2}$ and not by $m_{W,Z}^{2}$, lepton-mass effects are non-negligible for the $\tau$ modes in particular close to the threshold of the off-shell decays. Lepton-mass effects show up e.g.\ in the three-fold joint angular decay distribution for the decays. Nonzero lepton masses lead to leptonic helicity-flip contributions which in turn can generate novel angular dependencies in the respective three-fold angular decay distributions. Lepton-mass effects are more pronounced in the $H \to Z(\to \ell\ell)Z^{\ast}(\to\tau\tau)$ mode which, in part, is due to the fact that the ratio of lepton helicity flip/nonflip contributions in the decay $Z^{\ast} \to \ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ is four times larger than in the decay $W^{+\ast}\to \ell^{+}\nu$. We also briefly consider the corresponding off-shell -- off-shell decays $H\to Z^{\ast}(\to \ell^{+}\ell^{-})+Z^{\ast}(\to \tau^{+}\tau^{-})$ and $H\to W^{-\ast}(\to \ell^{-}\bar \nu_{\ell})+W^{+\ast}(\to \tau^{+}\nu_{\tau})$.Comment: 45 pages, 9 figures and 6 tables, published versio

Statistical dynamics of a non-Abelian anyonic quantum walk

We study the single particle dynamics of a mobile non-Abelian anyon hopping around many pinned anyons on a surface. The dynamics is modelled by a discrete time quantum walk and the spatial degree of freedom of the mobile anyon becomes entangled with the fusion degrees of freedom of the collective system. Each quantum trajectory makes a closed braid on the world lines of the particles establishing a direct connection between statistical dynamics and quantum link invariants. We find that asymptotically a mobile Ising anyon becomes so entangled with its environment that its statistical dynamics reduces to a classical random walk with linear dispersion in contrast to particles with Abelian statistics which have quadratic dispersion.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Fitting a Square Peg Into a Round Hole: Perceptions of Appalachian Physicians on the Incorporation of Chronic Disease Prevention Into Their Practice

This study used a focus group in August 2017 (n = 9) to explore the perceptions of rural physicians to a state request to incorporate diabetes prevention screening into their West Virginia medical practice. Analysis of the data revealed that the participants did not think private physicians were equipped to incorporate diabetes prevention programming into their practice. Three categories emerged from the data analysis to explain the reasoning of the health practitioners on the incorporation of pre-diabetes screening and management into their practice. ⁎ The practice of medicine ⁎ Prevention is a mismatch ⁎ Social determinants of health In the end, the study revealed that a request for physicians to identify and refer at risk patients to a diabetes prevention program is problematic due to conceptual and structural issues. Based on the findings it does not appear at this time that private physicians in rural settings can incorporate diabetes prevention into their existing practice. To address conceptual and structural barriers the invitation to rural physicians must: 1) present evidence on how physicians may be effective in a diabetes management team; 2) include a model that demonstrates a limited, specific role and duties for the physician within a team setting; and last, 3) integrate physicians into an existing community-based network of social and human service providers set up to provide diabetes prevention services

PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN PELABUHAN MANADO SEBAGAI PELABUHAN PARIWISATA

Pelabuhan Manado yang merupakan salah satu pelabuhan yang ada di kota Manado. Sebagai pelabuhan pariwisata, pelabuhan Manado harus di lengkapi dengan fasilitas-fasilitas yang dapat menunjang perannya sebagai pelabuhan pariwisata. Pada beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke provinsi Sulawesi Utara termasuk juga kota Manado dan pulau-pulau sekitarnya, oleh sebab itu Pelabuhan Manado harus dapat mengimbangi jumlah wisatawan yang ingin berkunjung ke pulau-pulau yang ada di sekitar kota Manado.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan dan mengevaluasi data penumpang dan wisatawan yang berkunjung ke pulau sekitar kota Manado, data kunjungan kapal, dan data bongkar muat barang, data-data tersebut diambil selama 5 tahun terakhir (2013-2017). Perencanaan pengembangan fasilitas pelabuhan Manado dilakukan berdasarkan ramalan arus kunjungan kapal, bongkar muat, dan naik turun penumpang dengan menggunakan metode regresi nonlinear yaitu exponensial.Dari hasil perhitungan pengembangan untuk tahun 2027 diperoleh untuk dermaga dengan panjang 95 m, terminal penumpang sebesar 462 m2, luas parkiran mobil 509 m2, luas parkiran bus 128 m2, dan parkiran motor sebesar 68 m2. Selain itu ada fasilitas pelengkap lainnya seperti ATM Center sebesar 6 m2, dan gift shop 90 m2.  Hasil perhitungan tersebut kemudian di tuangkan dalam bentuk gambar desain. Kata kunci: Pelabuhan Manado, pelabuhan pariwisata, rencana pengembangan

Clinical usefulness of scoring systems to predict severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis with pre and post-test probability assessment

Background: Scoring systems for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) prediction should be used in conjunction with pre-test probability to establish post-test probability of SAP, but data of this kind are lacking.Objective: To investigate the predictive value of commonly employed scoring systems and their usefulness in modifying the pre-test probability of SAP.Methods: Following PRISMA statement and MOOSE checklists after PROSPERO registration, PubMed was searched from inception until September 2022. Retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional studies or clinical trials on patients with acute pancreatitis defined as Revised Atlanta Criteria, reporting rate of SAP and using at least one score among Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination (APACHE)-II, RANSON, and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) with their sensitivity and specificity were included. Random effects model meta-analyses were performed. Pre-test probability and likelihood ratio (LR) were combined to estimate post-test probability on Fagan nomograms. Pooled severity rate was used as pre-test probability of SAP and pooled sensitivity and specificity to calculate LR and generate post-test probability. A priori hypotheses for heterogeneity were developed and sensitivity analyses planned.Results: 43 studies yielding 14,116 acute pancreatitis patients were included: 42 with BISAP, 30 with APACHE-II, 27 with Ranson, 8 with SIRS. Pooled pre-test probability of SAP ranged 16.6%-25.3%. The post-test probability of SAP with positive/negative score was 47%/6% for BISAP, 43%/5% for APACHE-II, 48%/5% for Ranson, 40%/12% for SIRS. In 18 studies comparing BISAP, APACHE-II, and Ranson in 6740 patients with pooled pre-test probability of SAP of 18.7%, post-test probability when scores were positive was 48% for BISAP, 46% for APACHE-II, 50% for Ranson. When scores were negative, post-test probability dropped to 7% for BISAP, 6% for Ranson, 5% for APACHE-II. Quality, design, and country of origin of the studies did not explain the observed high heterogeneity.Conclusions: The most commonly used scoring systems to predict SAP perform poorly and do not aid in decision-making

Circadian pattern and burstiness in mobile phone communication

The temporal communication patterns of human individuals are known to be inhomogeneous or bursty, which is reflected as the heavy tail behavior in the inter-event time distribution. As the cause of such bursty behavior two main mechanisms have been suggested: a) Inhomogeneities due to the circadian and weekly activity patterns and b) inhomogeneities rooted in human task execution behavior. Here we investigate the roles of these mechanisms by developing and then applying systematic de-seasoning methods to remove the circadian and weekly patterns from the time-series of mobile phone communication events of individuals. We find that the heavy tails in the inter-event time distributions remain robustly with respect to this procedure, which clearly indicates that the human task execution based mechanism is a possible cause for the remaining burstiness in temporal mobile phone communication patterns.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure