Endangering Missouri’s Captive Cervid Industry

This Note seeks to explore the validity of regulations proposed by the Commission to prevent the spread of chronic wasting disease (“CWD”) – a fatal neurodegenerative disease – in cervids, such as white-tailed deer. Part II discusses the facts and circumstances surrounding the Missouri Supreme Court’s decision in Hill v. Missouri Department of Conservation. Part III dissects the delicate balance between private property interests and government interests, the scope of the Commission’s regulatory authority, as well as the driving forces behind the “right-to-farm” amendment to the Missouri Constitution. Part IV unpacks the court’s reasoning in Hill before concluding with a discussion on the implications of the court’s holdings on private property rights, the regulatory authority of the Commission, and the interpretation of the right-to-farm amendment

An Interpretive Exploration of the Meaning of Being with Women during Birth for Midwives

This study explored the meaning of the phenomenon of the midwife\u27s experience of being present with a woman during childbirth. The value and importance of being with a woman during childbirth, specific and unique to midwifery care, is reflected in midwifery philosophies and models of care. This study looked through the lens of midwives who have written poetry about births they have attended to learn more about the experience of being with a woman. Hermeneutical phenomenology was selected for the philosophical methodology and method because it looked at both the phenomenon and the use of language to describe the phenomenon. The researcher reflected upon and interpreted 18 selected poems as data and developed themes, which described the midwives, lived experiences of being with a woman. The data revealed that being with a woman was a key phenomenon that permeated all the themes developed from the interpretation of the poetry, spiritual connections, experienced guidance and partners in birth. Themes consisted of midwife actions or beliefs, or both about the phenomenon. The researcher also discovered three authoritative ways of knowing that guided the amount of presence the midwife provided to women during childbirth. They were self-knowledge from the belief system of the individual midwife, grounded knowledge through personal lived experience with childbirth, and informed knowledge from objective and scholarly sources. Themes from the poetry that were supported by midwifery models of care and informed knowledge such as safety and protection were also valued by the dominant medical paradigm as legitimate knowledge. Themes from the poetry that were supported through effective knowing such as handwork and succoring connections were important to recipients of midwifery care and considered legitimate knowledge in personal narratives and stories written by midwives. This study found that being with a woman during childbirth is an important aspect of midwifery care. Certain aspects of being with woman such as the midwife\u27s connection to and use of spirituality and the use of touch require further inquiry. Midwives need to support midwifery knowledge as a legitimate form of knowing and being with woman as a legitimate form of caring in the provision of care to women

An Empirical Analysis about Employee Selection Process at Navitor, Inc

https://openriver.winona.edu/urc2018/1010/thumbnail.jp

Larval Habitat Associations with Human Land Uses, Roads, Rivers, and Land Cover for Anopheles albimanus, A. pseudopunctipennis, and A. punctimacula (Diptera: Culicidae) in Coastal and Highland Ecuador

Larval habitat for three highland Anopheles species: Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, and Anopheles punctimacula Dyar and Knab was related to human land uses, rivers, roads, and remotely sensed land cover classifications in the western Ecuadorian Andes. Of the five commonly observed human land uses, cattle pasture (n = 30) provided potentially suitable habitat for A. punctimacula and A. albimanus in less than 14% of sites, and was related in a principal components analysis (PCA) to the presence of macrophyte vegetation, greater surface area, clarity, and algae cover. Empty lots (n = 30) were related in the PCA to incident sunlight and provided potential habitat for A. pseudopunctipennis and A. albimanus in less than 14% of sites. The other land uses surveyed (banana, sugarcane, and mixed tree plantations; n = 28, 21, 25, respectively) provided very little standing water that could potentially be used for larval habitat. River edges and eddies (n = 41) were associated with greater clarity, depth, temperature, and algae cover, which provide potentially suitable habitat for A. albimanus in 58% of sites and A. pseudopunctipennis in 29% of sites. Road-associated water bodies (n = 38) provided potential habitat for A. punctimacula in 44% of sites and A. albimanus in 26% of sites surveyed. Species collection localities were compared to land cover classifications using Geographic Information Systems software. All three mosquito species were associated more often with the category “closed/open broadleaved evergreen and/or semi-deciduous forests” than expected (P ≤ 0.01 in all cases), given such a habitat’s abundance. This study provides evidence that specific human land uses create habitat for potential malaria vectors in highland regions of the Andes

Malaria Knowledge, Concern, Land Management, and Protection Practices among Land Owners and/or Managers in Lowland versus Highland Ecuador

To control malaria effectively, it is essential to understand the current knowledge, beliefs, concerns, land management practices, and mosquito bite protection methods in use by citizens. This study presents a comparative, quantitative, interview-based study of land owners and/or managers (n = 262) in the Ecuadorian lowlands (presently considered malarious) (n = 131) and highlands (potentially malarious in the future) (n = 131). Although respondents had a strong understanding of where the disease occurs in their own country and of the basic relationship among standing water, mosquitoes, and malaria, about half of respondents in potential risk areas denied the current possibility of malaria infection on their own property. As well, about half of respondents with potential anopheline larval habitat did not report its presence, likely due to a highly specific definition of suitable mosquito habitat. Most respondents who are considered at risk of malaria currently use at least one type of mosquito bite prevention, most commonly bed nets

Pain Relief in Older Adults Following Static Contractions is not Task-Dependent

Pain complaints increase with age. Exercise is frequently utilized for pain relief but the optimal exercise prescription to relieve pain is not clear. Following static contractions, young adults experience the greatest pain relief with low intensity, long duration contractions. The pain response to static contractions in older adults however is unknown. PURPOSE : To compare pain reports in healthy older adults before and after static contractions of varying intensity and duration. METHODS: Pain perception was assessed in 23 healthy older adults (11 men, 12 women; 72.0 ± 6.3 yrs) using a pressure pain device consisting of a 10 N force applied to the right index finger through a Lucite edge (8 x 1.5mm) for two minutes. Subjects pushed a timing device when they first felt pain (i.e., pain threshold) and rated their pain intensity every 20 seconds using a 0-10 numerical rating scale. Pain threshold and pain ratings were measured before and immediately after static contractions of the left elbow flexors at the following three doses: 1) three brief maximal voluntary contractions (MVC); 2) 25% MVC sustained for 2 minutes; and 3) 25% MVC sustained until task failure. Experimental sessions were randomized and separated by one week. RESULTS : Time to task failure for the 25% MVC contraction was 11.8 ± 5.1 minutes. A reduction in pain was found following all three tasks with no difference between tasks (trial x task effect: p \u3e 0.05), despite the duration of the 2 minute low-intensity contraction being ~17% of the contraction held to task failure. Pain thresholds for all doses increased 20% from 51 ± 33 to 61 ± 37 seconds and pain ratings averaged over the six time points decreased 20% from 3.3 ± 2.8 to 2.6 ± 2.5 following static contractions (trial effect: p \u3c 0.001 and p \u3c 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION : Low and high intensity static contractions of both long and short duration produce similar levels of pain reduction in older adults. These preliminary data suggest that several different types of static contractions can induce significant pain relief in older adults. Age-related changes in the pain response to static contractions must be taken into account when prescribing static exercise for the management of pain

New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several recent climate change reviews have stressed the possibility of some malaria vectors occupying regions of higher altitudes than previously recorded. Indeed, highland malaria has been observed in several African nations, possibly attributable to changes in land use, vector control and local climate. This study attempts to expand the current knowledge of the distribution of common <it>Anopheles </it>species in Ecuador, with particular attention to highland regions (> 500 m) of the Andes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Extensive field collections of larvae were undertaken in 2008, 2009 and 2010 throughout all regions of Ecuador (except the lower-altitude Amazonian plain) and compared to historical distribution maps reproduced from the 1940s. Larvae were identified using both a morphological key and sequencing of the 800 bp region of the CO1 mitochondrial gene. In addition, spatial statistics (Getis-Ord Hotspot Analysis: Gi*) were used to determine high and low-density clusters of each species in Ecuador.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Distributions have been updated for five species of <it>Anopheles </it>in Ecuador: <it>Anopheles albimanus</it>, <it>Anopheles pseudopunctipennis</it>, <it>Anopheles punctimacula</it>, <it>Anopheles eiseni </it>and <it>Anopheles oswaldoi s.l</it>.. Historical maps indicate that <it>An. pseudopunctipennis </it>used to be widespread in highland Andean valleys, while other species were completely restricted to lowland areas. By comparison, updated maps for the other four collected species show higher maximum elevations and/or more widespread distributions in highland regions than previously recorded. Gi* analysis determined some highland hot spots for <it>An. albimanus</it>, but only cold spots for all other species.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study documents the establishment of multiple anopheline species in high altitude regions of Ecuador, often in areas where malaria eradication programs are not focused.</p