29 research outputs found
A Place to Hide in the Home-Cage Decreases Yolk Androgen Levels and Offspring Emotional Reactivity in Japanese Quail
An animal's emotional responses are the result of its cognitive appraisal of a situation. This appraisal is notably influenced by the possibility of an individual to exert control over an aversive event. Although the fact that environment controllability decreases emotional responses in animals is well established, far less is known about its potential trans-generational effects. As the levels of avian yolk hormones can vary according to the mother's environment, we hypothesized that housing environment of mothers would modulate the quality of her eggs and in turn her offspring's behaviour. Two groups of female Japanese quail were constituted: a group that had access to a place to hide in their home-cage (Hd, n = 20) and a group that had nowhere to hide (NoHd, n = 20) when stressed. Both groups were submitted to daily human disturbances for a twenty-day-period. Hd females produced eggs with both less testosterone and androstenedione than did NoHd females. The emotional and social reactivity of Hd females' offspring were lower and their growth was slower than those of NoHd females' offspring. Our results show that a minor difference in housing environment had substantial effects on eggs and offspring. The presence of a shelter probably helped quail to cope with daily human disturbances, producing less reactive offspring. This transgenerational effect caused by an opportunity to hide could lead to applications in care of laboratory animals, conservation biology and animal welfare
Influence of maternal characteristics on the social motivation of young
WOS:000240313201059International audienceSocial motivation is a fundamental driver in social relationships, and its variability is determined by both genetic and epigenetic factors. Among external factors, influences from the mother, the first interactive individual that young meet, seem to have a preponderant effect on development. Accordingly, we addressed maternal influence on the behavioral characteristics in young, particularly on social motivation. Social motivation was measured in fostered young Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) genetically selected for either high (HSM) or low (LSM) levels of social motivation. Behavioral characteristics were determined simultaneously by classical ethological procedures for both the adoptive mothers and the young, both during the maternal phase and after emancipation. Our results show that maternal social characteristics significantly influence social reinstatement behavior in young in both the short and long term: young reared by HSM females showed higher social motivation than those reared by LSM females. Not all facets of maternal behavior were expressed however, such that transmission is not total
Rythmicité comportementale et vie sociale chez la caille japonaise
Cette thèse décrit les liens qui peuvent exister entre la rythmicité comportementale et les éléments de la vie sociale chez la caille japonaise (Coturnix c. japonica). Deux lignées d oiseaux ont été produites au cours de ce travail: des cailles présentant une rythmicité circadienne d activité alimentaire nette et des cailles présentant une arythmie circadienne d activité alimentaire. Nous avons d abord mis en évidence un lien entre rythmicité comportementale et certaines caractéristiques individuelles telles que la motivation sociale, paramètre à l origine de toute relation sociale. Les cailles présentant une rythmicité circadienne nette sont également plus motivées socialement que les cailles arythmiques. Nous avons ensuite montré que la rythmicité comportementale d un individu pouvait prédire la qualité de son intégration dans un groupe stable de cailles. Les cailles présentant une rythmicité circadienne nette s intègrent mieux au sein d un groupe que les cailles arythmiques. Nous avons enfin montré que le développement ontogénétique de la rythmicité comportementale des jeunes cailles pouvait être modifié, après la naissance, par influence sociale et plus particulièrement par influence maternelle. La mère structure les systèmes circadien et ultradien de ses cailleteaux. De plus, les effets maternels postnataux sur la rythmicité comportementale du jeune sont liés au phénotype rythmique de la mère. Ainsi, ce travail démontre l importance et la diversité des liens entre vie sociale et rythmicité comportementale chez un modèle oiseau.This thesis describes the links which can exist between behavioural rhythmicity and elements of social life in Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica). Two lines of birds were produced during this work: quail presenting clear circadian rhythmicity of feeding activity and quail presenting circadian arrhythmicity of feeding activity. We first showed a link between behavioural rhythmicity and some individual characteristics such as social motivation, parameter at the origin of every social relationship. Quail presenting clear circadian rhythmicity are also more socially motivated than arrhythmic quail. Then, we demonstrated that the behavioural rhythmicity of an individual could predict the quality of his integration in a stable group of quail. Quail presenting a clear circadian rhythmicity better integrate in a group than arrhythmic quail. Finally, we found that the ontogenetic development of the behavioural rhythmicity of young quail could be postnatally modified by social influence, especially by maternal influence. The mother structures the circadian and ultradian systems of her chicks. In addition, postnatal maternal effects on behavioural rhythmicity of chicks are linked to the rhythmic phenotype of the mother. Thus, this work demonstrates the importance and diversity of the links between social life and behavioural rhythmicity in a bird model.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Rythmicité et vie sociale chez les oiseaux : des influences aux interactions sociales
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Epigenetic Maternal Effects on Endogenous Rhythms in Precocial Birds
WOS:000265291700002International audienceDevelopment involves interactions between genetic and environmental influences. Vertebrate mothers are generally the first individuals to encounter and interact with young animals. Thus, their role is primordial during ontogeny. The present study evaluated non-genomic effects of mothers on the development of rhythms of precocial Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica). First, we investigated the influence of mothering on the ontogeny of endogenous rhythms of young. We compared circadian and ultradian rhythms of feeding activity of quail reared with or without adoptive mothers. More brooded than non-brooded quail presented a circadian and/or an ultradian rhythm. Thus, the presence of the mother during the normal brooding period favors, in the long term, expression of rhythms in the young. Second, we investigated the influence of rhythmic phenotype of the mother on the development of endogenous rhythms of young by comparing quail brooded by circadian-rhythmic adoptive mothers (R) to quail brooded by circadian-arrhythmic adoptive mothers (A). More R-brooded than A-brooded quail expressed circadian rhythmicity, and circadian rhythm clarities were greater in R-brooded than A-brooded quail. Ultradian rhythmicity did not differ between R- and A-brooded quail, nor between R and A adoptive mothers. Thus, the rhythmic phenotypes of quail mothers influence the rhythmic phenotypes of their young. Our results demonstrate that mothers of precocial birds influence epigenetically the ontogeny of endogenous rhythms of the young they raise
La mère influence l’ontogenèse des rythmes chez l’oiseau
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L’intégration sociale au sein d’un groupe dépend du rythme biologique chez les oiseaux
National audienceLa fonction des rythmes biologiques est d’assurer l’ajustement temporel de l’organisme avec les fluctuations cycliques et prévisibles de son environnement. Les rythmes circadiens, rythmes endogènes de période proche de 24h, permettent en particulier la synchronisation de l’organisme à l’alternance jour / nuit. Peu de travaux s’intéressent à l’ajustement temporel de l’individu à son environnement social. Pourtant, les animaux vivent la plupart du temps sous l’influence de conspécifiques, tels que les partenaires sociaux, sexuels ou encore familiaux, avec lesquels ils doivent synchroniser leur activité. Alors que nous avions déjà montré que les rythmes endogènes favorisaient la cohésion spatio-temporelle de groupes de jeunes oiseaux (agrégation et synchronisation sociale), nous avons posé l’hypothèse que ces rythmes propres à l’animal pouvaient influencer sa future intégration sociale à un groupe d’étrangers. Chez la caille japonaise, modèle d’oiseau nidifuge, le rythme circadien d’activité varie fortement d’un individu à l’autre. Nous avons sélectionné génétiquement des oiseaux de phénotypes rythmiques divergents (oiseau fortement rythmé versus oiseau arythmique). Pour tester l’intégration sociale selon le rythme du jeune, nous avons introduit un jeune cailleteau soit rythmé soit arythmique dans un groupe stable d’oiseaux standards. Nous avons trouvé que les cailleteaux rythmés sont mieux synchronisés et sont plus proches spatialement des autres membres du groupe que les cailleteaux arythmiques. De plus, leurs séparations entrainent une plus forte réactivité sociale des autres membres du groupe qu’au sein des groupes où un oiseau arythmique a été introduit. En conclusion, le rythme comportemental pourrait prédire l’intégration sociale de l’individu dans un groupe
L’entrainement maternel prénatal chez les mammifères
National audienceNous nous proposons de réaliser une revue des connaissances actuelles sur les influences que la mère peut avoir sur la rythmicité du fœtus pour tenter de tirer des conclusions sur les processus d’entraînement fœtal. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéresserons à l’impact que peut avoir cet entraînement prénatal sur la rythmicité de l’individu après sa naissance
L’entrainement maternel prénatal chez les mammifères
National audienceNous nous proposons de réaliser une revue des connaissances actuelles sur les influences que la mère peut avoir sur la rythmicité du fœtus pour tenter de tirer des conclusions sur les processus d’entraînement fœtal. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéresserons à l’impact que peut avoir cet entraînement prénatal sur la rythmicité de l’individu après sa naissance
Chronobiology and social life in birds
International audienceSocial motivation and circadian activity rhythms of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) vary greatly from one individual to another. First, we questioned whether social motivation could be linked to individual circadian clock characteristics. We compared quail from two lines divergently selected on the response of their circadian system to constant darkness: quail expressing a robust circadian rhythm (R line) and quail expressing circadian arrhythmicity (A line). Behavioral tests evaluated the social motivation of these birds and revealed that the social motivation of R quail was stronger than that of A quail. Second, we wondered whether the clocks functioning of an individual could predict its integration in a group. We introduced either a R chick or a A chick in stable groups of standard chicks. Ethological observations evaluated spatial proximity and synchronization of the introduced chicks on the activities of the other group members. We found that R chicks were spatially and temporally closer to the other group members than were A chicks. Behavioral tests evaluated interactions of the introduced chicks and the level of their acceptance by the other group members. We found that R chicks were more competent to access food than were A chicks and that separation from the group was more stressful for R chicks than for A chicks. This allowed us to conclude that, in Japanese quail, parameters of social life are linked to the functioning of endogenous clocks