The TUSNELDA annotation standard : an XML encoding standard for multilingual corpora supporting various aspects of linguistic research

This paper proposes a corpus encoding standard that meets the needs of linguistic research using a variety of linguistic data structures. The standard was developed in SFB 441, a research project at the University of Tuebingen. The principal concern of SFB 441 are the empirical data structures which feed into linguistic theory building. SFB 441 consists of several projects, most of which are building corpora to empirically investigate various linguistic phenomena in various languages (e.g. modal verbs in German, forms of address and politeness in Russian). These corpora will form the components of the "Tuebingen collection of reusable, empirical, linguistic data structures (TUSNELDA)". The TUSNELDA annotation standard aims at providing a uniform encoding scheme for all subcorpora and texts of TUSNELDA such that they can be processed with uniform standardized tools. To guarantee maximal reusability we use XML for encoding. Previous SGML standards for text encoding were provided by the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and the Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards (Corpus Encoding Standard, CES). The TUSNELDA standard is based on TEI and XCES (XML version of CES) but takes into account the specific needs of the SFB projects, i.e. the peculiarities of the examined languages and linguistic phenomena

Nursing Home Implementation of Health Information Technology: Review of the Literature Finds Inadequate Investment in Preparation, Infrastructure, and Training.

Health information technology (HIT) is increasingly adopted by nursing homes to improve safety, quality of care, and staff productivity. We examined processes of HIT implementation in nursing homes, impact on the nursing home workforce, and related evidence on quality of care. We conducted a literature review that yielded 46 research articles on nursing homes' implementation of HIT. To provide additional contemporary context to our findings from the literature review, we also conducted semistructured interviews and small focus groups of nursing home staff (n = 15) in the United States. We found that nursing homes often do not employ a systematic process for HIT implementation, lack necessary technology support and infrastructure such as wireless connectivity, and underinvest in staff training, both for current and new hires. We found mixed evidence on whether HIT affects staff productivity and no evidence that HIT increases staff turnover. We found modest evidence that HIT may foster teamwork and communication. We found no evidence that the impact of HIT on staff or workflows improves quality of care or resident health outcomes. Without initial investment in implementation and training of their workforce, nursing homes are unlikely to realize potential HIT-related gains in productivity and quality of care. Policy makers should consider creating greater incentives for preparation, infrastructure, and training, with greater engagement of nursing home staff in design and implementation

Impact of infection preventionists on Centers for Medicare and Medicaid quality measures in Maryland nursing homes.

BackgroundHealth care-associated infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in US nursing homes (NHs). The objective of the research is to assess the impact of Maryland NH infection preventionists (IPs) on NH quality measures.MethodsTwo hundred thirty-four NHs were queried through mailed survey. These survey data were then linked with 2008 quality data from Nursing Home Compare and the On-line Survey Certification of Automated Records.ResultsThree of the 8 quality measures examined-influenza vaccination for both short- and long-stay residents and pressure ulcer prevention in high-risk residents-were significantly associated with the number of IPs. None of the quality measures were shown to be significant with IPs who received specialized training on infection prevention and management compared with those who did not receive specialized training.ConclusionIPs play a critical role in preventing and managing health care-associated infections in nursing homes, especially in the areas of influenza vaccination and pressure ulcer prevention among high-risk nursing home residents. Quality measures that reflect the effects of IP training may not have been elucidated yet. Further research is needed to support the IP role in order for policy to advocate for increased IP funding

Examining Quality Inclusive Practices in Early Childhood Education

This literature review synthesizes research on practices for high quality early childhood inclusion. The inclusive practices that are examined are categorized under participation, access, and supports. This review of literature examines the measurement tools used to assess the quality of inclusive practices used in early childhood settings. Research published in the last ten years shows that there are some promising measures that can be used going forward to assess the quality of inclusive practices in early childhood

Acquiring Viewpoint Aspect One Level at a Time

This paper examines children’s comprehension of viewpoint aspect at three levels: the pragmatic, the morpho-syntactic, and the semantic. Results (1) confirm Berman and Slobin (1994)’s finding that children have not mastered the pragmatic use of backgrounding for viewpoint aspect by five years old; (2) show that children have mastered the mapping of viewpoint aspect onto the morpho-syntax of English by age 3;7; (3) show that children aged 2;6, while they behave at chance levels in the morpho-syntactic task with viewpoint aspect, nevertheless demonstrate comprehension of the semantics of viewpoint aspect as they are carried through the open-class vocabulary