Traversant(es) / traversé(es) : dramaturgie de l’exil liquide dans Et insubmersible dans la seconde qui suit de Claire Rengade et Les chants anonymes de Philippe Malone

Les drames contemporains de l’exil liquide sont imprégnés, mais aussi répondent, de la scène méditerranéenne de laquelle ils tirent les motifs du bord, du soulèvement et du rouleau, sous le prisme d’un éc(r)oulement du corps et de la voix de ces figures traversantes et traversées. Dans les turbulences d’un tel périple, s’écoulent et s’écoutent une porosité et une fragilité identitaires et vocales au cœur d’une poétique du flux.Contemporary tragedies of liquid exile are steeped in, but also respond to the Mediterranean stage from which they draw the patterns of the edge, the swell and the roller, under the prism of a flow / collapse of the voice and body of those traversing and traversed beings. In the turbulence of such a journey, at the heart of a poetic stream, a porosity and a fragility of identity and voice can be heard in its flow

A plant virus causes symptoms through the deployment of a host-mimicking protein domain to attract the insect vector.

During compatible plant-virus interactions, viruses can interfere with the normal developmental program of their hosts, leading to the appearance of phenotypes that we usually identify as ‘’symptoms of infection’’ (leaf curling and yellowing, stunting, dwarfism, necrosis). Despite their relevance, the molecular mechanisms underlying symptom induction and their biological meaning, if any, remain poorly understood. By using tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, Geminivirus) as model, we have isolated C4 as the main protein responsible for the induction of TYLCV-associated symptoms in tomato. C4, by mimicking a host protein domain, the Conserved C-termini in LAZY1 protein family (CCL) domain, physically interacts with the RCC1-like domain-containing plant proteins (RLDs). By interacting with the RLDs through the CCL-like domain, C4 displaces one endogenous interactor, LAZY (LZY), interfering with RLD functions in processes such as auxin signaling and endomembrane trafficking, which correlates with the manifestation of symptoms. Surprisingly, we observed that appearance of C4-mediated symptoms in tomato plants plays no major role in viral replication nor movement, but they serve as attractants for the insect vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, which preferentially feeds on tomato plants exhibiting strong symptoms of viral infection. These results suggest that, during plant-virus co-evolution, symptoms may have appeared as a strategy to promote viral transmission by the insect vector, at least in some specific plant-virus-vector pathosystems.Work in RLD’s lab is partially funded by the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments, the ERC-COG GemOmics (101044142), the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research foundation) (project numbers LO 2314/1-1 and SBF 1101/3, C08), and a Royal Society Newton Advance grant (NA140481 – NAF\R2\180857). EA is the recipient of a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant 896910-GeminiDECODER). Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The Diagnostic Value of FDG-PET/CT for Urachal Cancer

Urachal cancer is a very rare malignancy. There is no consensus on the optimal form of staging for this disease. In this study, we evaluated FDG-PET/CT for staging urachal cancer in 40 patients. We found that most of the urachal tumors can be visualized on FDG-PET/CT but that it seems to add little additional staging information compared with standard CT. Background: Urachal carcinoma (UrC) is a rare malignancy that often presents at an advanced stage with metastases in up to a quarter of patients. There is no consensus on the optimal form of staging for patients with UrC. In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emitted tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for UrC. Patients and Methods: We evaluated 40 consecutive patients who were staged for urachal cancer between 2010 and 2020. They underwent a total of 62 FDG-PET/CTs (40 for primary staging, and 22 during follow-up), which were compared with standard-of-care contrast-enhanced CT (CECT). The metabolic detection of primary tumors, lymph node metastases (LNMs), peritoneal metastases (PMs), distant metastases (DMs), and local recurrence by FDG-PET/CT was evaluated. Sensitivit y and specificit y were calculated compared with CECT. Histopathology or follow-up imaging was the reference standard. Results: Of all 40 patients, 33 patients (83%) had urachal adenocarcinoma-26 (65%) with a mucinous component and 7 (17%) with invasive urothelial carcinoma. All local UrC tumors could be visualized on CT, and 80% showed increased FDG uptake. At initial staging, FDG-PET/CT detected FDG-avid LNMs, PMs, and DMs in 50%, 17%, and 25% of patients, respectively. These metastases were also visualized on CECT. During follow up, FDG-PET/CT revealed FDG-avid local recurrences that were not seen on CT in two out of eight patients (25%). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that most UrC can be visualized on FDG-PET/CT. At initial diagnosis, FDG-PET/CT does not seem to yield additional information compared with CECT; however, FDG-PET/CT may be helpful during follow-up. This is a small study, and the findings should be corroborated with larger series. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Exils

Depuis le début des années 2000 et surtout depuis la crise humanitaire de 2015, les questions migratoires mobilisent l’attention des médias dans lesquels reviennent régulièrement les traversées meurtrières de la Méditerranée et de la Manche, ou les arrivées chaotiques dans des pays européens assez peu préparés à un tel accueil. Ces expériences donnent lieu à une littérature ou des formes artistiques « exiliques ». On assiste ainsi, depuis les années 2000, à une production importante, à l’échelle européenne, de films et de pièces de théâtre, qui se sont confrontés à l’écriture cinématographique et théâtrale du fait de société qu’est l’immigration. Arts engagés par excellence, le cinéma et le théâtre accompagnent ainsi ces parcours de migrants, donnant un visage plus humain à des millions de voyageurs anonymes. Comment le cinéma et le théâtre contemporains européens appréhendent-ils la question migratoire et celle de l’exil par rapport à la littérature, par rapport à d’autres cinématographies et écoles théâtrales dans lesquelles sont ancrés historiquement ces motifs ? Comment articuler le geste documentaire, qui permet d’investir « l’ici et maintenant » du réel, avec la part fictionnelle et esthétique du cinéma et du théâtre au risque du romanesque ? Théâtre et cinéma donnent un visage humain à l’exil mais pas seulement ; ils doivent nourrir aussi l’analyse politique. Comment les artistes interpellent-ils les citoyens sur ces situations tragiques dont les dépêches factuelles et innombrables tendent à dissoudre la gravité ? Comment les mises en scène proposées peuvent-elles responsabiliser les spectateurs, au-delà du temps de la représentation ? Comment, enfin, s’articulent le regard poétique d’un côté et le propos politique de l’autre ? Numéro dirigé par Yann Calvet et Marie Cléren. Avec les contributions de Virginie Brinker, Yann Calvet, Camille Cellier, Delphine Edy, Delphe Kifouani, Sophie Lacombe, Laura Lahaye Vantroyen, Guglielmo Scafirimuto, Anne Schneider, Léa de Truchis et Julia Wahl

Primary role of type I interferons for the induction of functionally optimal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in HIV infectionResearch in context

Summary: Background: CD8+ T cells equipped with a full arsenal of antiviral effector functions are critical for effective immune control of HIV-1. It has nonetheless remained unclear how best to elicit such potent cellular immune responses in the context of immunotherapy or vaccination. HIV-2 has been associated with milder disease manifestations and more commonly elicits functionally replete virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses compared with HIV-1. We aimed to learn from this immunological dichotomy and to develop informed strategies that could enhance the induction of robust CD8+ T cell responses against HIV-1. Methods: We developed an unbiased in vitro system to compare the de novo induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses after exposure to HIV-1 or HIV-2. The functional properties of primed CD8+ T cells were assessed using flow cytometry and molecular analyses of gene transcription. Findings: HIV-2 primed functionally optimal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with enhanced survival properties more effectively than HIV-1. This superior induction process was dependent on type I interferons (IFNs) and could be mimicked via the adjuvant delivery of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a known agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). CD8+ T cells elicited in the presence of cGAMP were polyfunctional and highly sensitive to antigen stimulation, even after priming from people living with HIV-1. Interpretation: HIV-2 primes CD8+ T cells with potent antiviral functionality by activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/STING pathway, which results in the production of type I IFNs. This process may be amenable to therapeutic development via the use of cGAMP or other STING agonists to bolster CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1. Funding: This work was funded by INSERM, the Institut Curie, and the University of Bordeaux (Senior IdEx Chair) and by grants from Sidaction (17-1-AAE-11097, 17-1-FJC-11199, VIH2016126002, 20-2-AEQ-12822-2, and 22-2-AEQ-13411), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche sur le SIDA (ECTZ36691, ECTZ25472, ECTZ71745, and ECTZ118797), and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (EQ U202103012774). D.A.P. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award (100326/Z/12/Z)