Probing physics beyond the standard model in diatomic molecules

De nos jours, l'incomplétude du modèle standard des particules est largement reconnue. L'une de ses failles les plus évidentes est le manque d'explication de l'énorme excédent de matière par rapport à l'antimatière dans l'univers, que l'on appelle l'asymétrie baryonique de l'univers. De nouvelles violations de CP (conjugaison de charge et parité spatiale) absentes dans le modèle standard sont supposées être responsables de cette asymétrie. Une telle violation pourrait être observée dans la matière ordinaire à travers un ensemble d'interactions violant les symétries de parité et de renversement du temps (impaires pour P,T) dont les prépondérantes sont les interactions du moment dipolaire électrique de l'électron (eEDM), électron-nucléon scalaire-pseudoscalaire (enSPS) et du moment quadripolaire magnétique nucléaire (nMQM). Ainsi, une preuve expérimentale d'une constante d'interaction impaire pour P,T serait une preuve de cette nouvelle physique au-delà du modèle standard. Le calcul des paramètres moléculaires correspondants est réalisé en utilisant une approche d'interaction de configurations relativiste à quatre composantes dans des molécules diatomiques polaires contenant un actinide, qui sont des systèmes particulièrement appropriés pour les expèriences eEDM, tels que ThO qui a permis d'assigner à l'eEDM la borne supérieure la plus contraignante et ThF+ qui sera utilisé dans une expérience à venir. Ces résultats sont d'une importance cruciale dans l'interprétation des mesures puisque les constantes fondamentales ne peuvent être évaluées que si l'on associe les mesures de décalages énergétiques et les paramètres moléculaires théoriques.Nowadays, the incompleteness of the Standard Model of particles is largely acknowledged. One of its most obvious shortcomings is the lack of explanation for the huge surplus of matter over antimatter in the universe, the so-called Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe. New CP (Charge conjugation and spatial Parity) violations absent in the SM are assumed to be responsible for this asymmetry. Such a violation could be observed in ordinary matter through a set of interactions violating both parity and time-reversal symmetries (P,T-odd), among which the preponderant ones are the electron Electric Dipole Moment (eEDM), the electron-nucleon scalar-pseudoscalar (enSPS) and the nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment (nMQM) interactions. Hence, an experimental evidence of a non-zero P,T-odd interaction constant would be a probe of this New Physics beyond the Standard Model. The calculation of the corresponding molecular parameters is performed by making use of an elaborate four-component relativistic configuration interaction approach in polar diatomic molecules containing an actinide, that are particularly adequate systems for eEDM experiments, such as ThO that allowed for assigning the most constraining upper bound on the eEDM and ThF+ that will be used in a forthcoming experiment. Those results will be of crucial importance in the interpretation of the measurements since the fundamental constants can only be evaluated if one combines both experimental energy shift measurements and theoretical molecular parameters

Affected <i>Oxidative Phosphorylation</i> pathway.

<p>The down-regulation of the genes in <i>Oxidative Phosphorylation</i> pathway is associated with increased PAC. The identified transcripts were components of complexes I, II, III and IV of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. Transcript ATP5LΔ in complex V is not shown. The figure was produced using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool.</p

The associated transcripts inside the GO term <i>Mitochondrial translational termination</i>.

<p>All but one are exclusively down-regulated. Table shows gene name, gene description, correlation coefficient (Spearman’s Rho) and Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted p-value.</p

The PAC-associated transcripts identified with IPA in the Mitochondrial dysfunction canonical pathway.

<p>Table shows symbol, Entrez gene name and correlation coefficient, R.</p

Analysis of Gene Ontology in transcripts that were associated with paternal age at conception.

<p>The table shows GO term, GO term description, p-value and Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p-value.</p

The PAC-associated transcripts identified with IPA in the Oxidative phosphorylation canonical pathway.

<p>Table shows symbol, Entrez gene name and correlation coefficient, R.</p

Telomere length as a function of age.

<p>Anxiety disorder core and subthreshold cases (N = 321) are shown with red dots and controls (N = 653) with blue dots, each dot representing one individual. Regression lines for both groups are shown with the same color coding.</p

The number of childhood adverse life events affects relative telomere length at adult age.

<p>Relative telomere length is adjusted for age and sex. Each bar presents group mean (± standard error of the mean).</p

Telomere length is affected by childhood adverse life events but not by anxiety disorder diagnosis or recent psychological stress.

1<p>Difference in standardized telomere length for one unit or category change in each independent variable.</p>2<p>Standard error of the mean.</p>3<p>Sum score of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire.</p>4<p>Categorized to 0 adversities, 1 adversity, 2 or 3 adversities, and 4 or more adversities.</p><p>Results from three independent regression models are shown in which sex and age adjusted telomere length was explained by either anxiety disorder status, GHQ-12 score, or number of childhood adversities.</p

Telomere length change between the 1^st and 2^nd DNA sampling.

<p>Diabetes Prevention Study sample A) intervention cases and B) controls as a histogram with frequencies of telomere length difference between two time points.</p