A Mixed-methods approach to indirect translation : A case study of the Finnish translations of modern Greek prose 1952–2004

In this dissertation, I study indirect translation. Indirect translation is a translation made from a translation, and it may include compilative and/or collaborative practices, that is, many source texts may be used, or the translator may collaborate with someone. The case study in this dissertation consists of 22 novels translated from Modern Greek into Finnish between 1952 and 2004. Indirect translation is studied from the perspectives of status (what translations are claimed to be), origin (what the genesis of a translation was like), and features (what kind of linguistic features translations have), and the findings are contextualized by examining the culture-bound norms governing the production of translations. The framework, proposed by Delabastita (2008), stems from descriptive translation studies (Toury 1995/2012). In this study, mixed methods are used. One the one hand, the materials are mixed, comprising paratexts, translator bios, the 22 novels, and a corpus of translated and non-translated Finnish novels. On the other hand, both quantitative and qualitative methods are employed, including paratextual analysis, methods of genetic translation criticism and textual criticism, and corpus research tools. In one article of this study, the analysis shows that, although bibliographical metadata offers information on the status of translations, this information is not always in line with whether the translations were done directly or indirectly. In another article, the origins of a compilative translation are studied to uncover how translators work when using several source texts. In the third article, the study of features suggests that the linguistic profile of indirect translations is different from those of direct translations and non-translated Finnish texts. In the fourth article, the study of norms shows that, in Finland, attitudes towards indirect translation are negative, and translators may use compilative and collaborative strategies to respond to criticisms. The mixed-methods approach allows us to gain a holistic picture of indirect translation. In addition, the present study shows that indirect translation challenges the idea of the source text–target text relationship as exclusive, binary, and unidirectional.Tämän väitöskirjan aiheena on välikielten kautta kääntäminen. Välikielinen käännös tehdään käännöksestä. Sen lähtöteksteinä voi myös toimia samanaikaisesti useampia käännöksiä (ns. kompilatiivinen käännös), minkä lisäksi kääntäjä voi tehdä yhteistyötä eri toimijoiden kanssa (ns. kollaboratiivinen käännös). Tutkimus koostuu neljästä artikkelista, ja siinä tutkitaan on 22 vuosina 1952–2004 suomennettua nykykreikkalaista romaania. Välikielten kautta kääntämistä tutkitaan tarkastelemalla käännösten statusta (mitä käännösten sanotaan olevan), syntyä (miten käännökset ovat syntyneet) ja piirteitä (millaisia käännösten kielelliset piirteet ovat). Löydökset kontekstualisoidaan käännösten syntyä määrittävien kulttuurisidonnaisten normien tarkastelun kautta. Dirk Delabastitan (2008) kehittämä viitekehys kuuluu deskriptiivisen käännöstieteen perinteeseen (Toury 1995/2012). Tutkimusasetelma on monimenetelmäinen. Aineisto koostuu parateksteistä, kääntäjien biografioista, 22 romaanista ja vertailukorpuksesta, joka sisältää suomeksi alunperin kirjoitettuja ja suomeksi käännettyjä romaaneja. Tutkimuksessa käytetään sekä määrällisiä että laadullisia menetelmiä: siinä yhdistellään paratekstien analyysia, geneettisen käännöskritiikin ja tekstikritiikin keinoja sekä korpuspohjaisen käännöstieteen työkaluja. Yksi artikkeleista osoittaa, että vaikka bibliografinen metadata sisältää tietoa käännösten statuksesta, se ei välttämättä kerro totuutta siitä, tehtiinkö käännökset suoraan vai välikielten kautta. Toisessa artikkelissa tutkitaan kompilatiivisen käännöksen syntyprosessia sen selvittämiseksi, miten kääntäjä käyttää useampaa lähtötekstiä. Kolmannessa artikkelissa havaitaan, että välikielten kautta tehtyjen käännösten kielelliset piirteet eroavat suorien käännösten ja suomeksi alunperin kirjoitettujen tekstien piirteistä. Neljännessä artikkelissa normien tarkastelu paljastaa, että asenteet välikielten kautta kääntämistä kohtaan ovat Suomessa negatiiviset ja että kääntäjät saattavat kääntää kompilatiivisesti ja/tai kollaboratiivisesti vastatakseen kritiikkiin. Monimenetelmäisen tutkimusotteen ansiosta välikielten kautta kääntämisestä saadaan holistinen kuva. Kaikkiaan välikielten kautta kääntäminen ja sen tutkiminen haastavat sen ajatuksen, että lähtö- ja tuloteksti ovat luonteeltaan toisensa poissulkeva pari, joiden suhde on yksisuuntainen

Identifying (indirect) translations and their source languages in the Finnish National Bibliography Fennica: Problems and solutions

Containing information on translations, bibliographies like Fennica, the Finnish National Bibliography, offer a great basis for translation studies research. However, the metadata on translations' source languages/texts is often wanting. In this article, I discuss reasons for this and suggest how bibliographical metadata could be made more reliable. This article builds upon a case study in which the (indirect) Finnish translations of Modern Greek novels and their (mediating) source languages are determined. A list of translations and information on their source languages/texts is retrieved from Fennica. Then, the list is compared with other bibliographies to make sure it is complete, and paratextual material is analyzed to ascertain the (mediating) source languages of the translations. The study shows that the information on the (mediating) source languages/texts in Fennica may be incorrect because there are coding errors in the metadata, or incomplete or missing because the books themselves have inaccurate title/copyright page information. Also, the mediating languages are reported in the bibliography in an inconsistent manner. The situation could be ameliorated by standardizing title/copyright page information, by using a specific field for the language of the mediating translation in the metadata format, and by collectively gathering and implementing amendments into the metadata.Containing information on translations, bibliographies like Fennica, the Finnish National Bibliography, offer a great basis for translation studies research. However, the metadata on translations' source languages/texts is often wanting. In this article, I discuss reasons for this and suggest how bibliographical metadata could be made more reliable. This article builds upon a case study in which the (indirect) Finnish translations of Modern Greek novels and their (mediating) source languages are determined. A list of translations and information on their source languages/texts is retrieved from Fennica. Then, the list is compared with other bibliographies to make sure it is complete, and paratextual material is analyzed to ascertain the (mediating) source languages of the translations. The study shows that the information on the (mediating) source languages/texts in Fennica may be incorrect because there are coding errors in the metadata, or incomplete or missing because the books themselves have inaccurate title/copyright page information. Also, the mediating languages are reported in the bibliography in an inconsistent manner. The situation could be ameliorated by standardizing title/copyright page information, by using a specific field for the language of the mediating translation in the metadata format, and by collectively gathering and implementing amendments into the metadata

Poster presentations in Translation Studies : State of the art and seven tips for improvement

Poster presentations have established themselves in hard and social sciences, but remain an undervalued asset in Translation Studies (TS). In this paper, we report on a survey (n=104) that we carried out to map TS scholars’ behavior and preferences regarding poster and oral presentations in conferences. Based on the results, we argue that the full potential of posters as a tool for disseminating research results, getting feedback and networking with colleagues has not been realized in TS. Although the role of posters in facilitating these interactions is acknowledged in the survey responses, the results also reveal that poster presenters are often underprepared: they have not studied making posters nor do they rehearse presenting the poster beforehand. Having identified this lack of preparation, we provide tips for making and presenting engaging posters. In addition, we discuss issues that conference organizers could pay attention to when organizing poster sessions. We hope to encourage more TS scholars to present posters in future conferences by suggesting that the visuality of posters can be harnessed to attract new audiences and to initiate meaningful interactions

Attitudes towards indirect translation in Finland and translators’ strategies: Compilative and collaborative translation

In Finland, indirect translation (ITr) played an important role as early as the sixteenth century in the formation of literary language. In the late nineteenth century, the first signs of critics condemning ITr began to appear. The stigma of ITr and the focus on the original have cast into obscurity the agency of translators and publishers, but archival material since the nineteenth century shows that publishers gave a free hand to translators doing ITr, who resorted to compilative translation. Kyllikki Villa, an important mediating agent and a translator of Modern Greek literature into Finnish during the second half of the twentieth century, discussed ITr as both translator and critic. Her archival material offers a rich insight into how her attitude towards ITr changed with her role: as a critic, she was wary of ITr; as a translator, she used and advocated compilative and collaborative translation as strategies for dealing with ITr.</p

Poster presentations in Translation Studies: State of the art and seven tips for improvement

Poster presentations have established themselves in hard and social sciences, but remain an undervalued asset in Translation Studies (TS). In this paper, we report on a survey (n=104) that we carried out to map TS scholars’ behavior and preferences regarding poster and oral presentations in conferences. Based on the results, we argue that the full potential of posters as a tool for disseminating research results, getting feedback and networking with colleagues has not been realized in TS. Although the role of posters in facilitating these interactions is acknowledged in the survey responses, the results also reveal that poster presenters are often underprepared: they have not studied making posters nor do they rehearse presenting the poster beforehand. Having identified this lack of preparation, we provide tips for making and presenting engaging posters. In addition, we discuss issues that conference organizers could pay attention to when organizing poster sessions. We hope to encourage more TS scholars to present posters in future conferences by suggesting that the visuality of posters can be harnessed to attract new audiences and to initiate meaningful interactions.</p

What can research on indirect translation do for Translation Studies?

This special issue is about indirect translation (ITr). To counter the traditional disinterest of Translation Studies in researching ITr, it explores and showcases what research on the topic can do for our discipline as a whole. This introductory article prepares the ground for and provides an overview of what is discussed in the seven articles included in the special issue. Before introducing the contributions to this issue, we briefly explain the terminology and definitions used throughout this issue. In the spirit of transparency, and making this special issue useful to everyone in Translation Studies, this introduction also devotes space to discussing how this issue came into being, sharing some of the lessons learnt through guest editing

Esipuhe / A Note from the Editors

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Esipuhe - A note from the editors

&nbsp;Mikaelin 17:1 esipuheA note from the editors of Mikael 17:

Targeting beta 1-integrin inhibits vascular leakage in endotoxemia

Loss of endothelial integrity promotes capillary leakage in numerous diseases, including sepsis, but there are no effective therapies for preserving endothelial barrier function. Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) is a context-dependent regulator of vascular leakage that signals via both endothelial TEK receptor tyrosine kinase (TIE2) and integrins. Here, we show that antibodies against beta 1-integrin decrease LPS-induced vascular leakage in murine endotoxemia, as either a preventative or an intervention therapy. beta 1-integrin inhibiting antibodies bound to the vascular endotheliumin vivo improved the integrity of endothelial cell-cell junctions and protected mice from endotoxemia-associated cardiac failure, without affecting endothelial inflammation, serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, or TIE receptor signaling. Moreover, conditional deletion of a single allele of endothelial beta 1-integrin protected mice from LPS-induced vascular leakage. In endothelial mono-layers, the inflammatory agents thrombin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IL-1 beta decreased junctional vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and induced actin stress fibers via beta 1- and alpha 5-integrins and ANGPT2. Additionally, beta 1-integrin inhibiting antibodies prevented inflammation-induced endothelial cell contractility and monolayer permeability. Mechanistically, the inflammatory agents stimulated ANGPT2-dependent translocation of alpha 5 beta 1-integrin into tensin-1-positive fibrillar adhesions, which destabilized the endothelial monolayer. Thus, beta 1-integrin promotes endothelial barrier disruption during inflammation, and targeting beta 1-integrin signaling could serve as a novel means of blocking pathological vascular leak.Peer reviewe

Trekstuaaliset tilat : Käännöstieteen ja tekstuaalitieteiden rajavyöhykkeellä

Peer reviewe