Latin Via Proverbs: 4000 Proverbs, Mottoes and Sayings for Students of Latin

Latin Via Proverbs is a collection of 4000 Latin proverbs organized by grammatical categories. It can be used as a supplement for any first-year Latin textbook or as a systematic grammar review for intermediate Latin students. For additional information, visit the BestLatin.net website

VULGATE VERSES

This companion volume to Latin Via Proverbs offers 4000 Bible verses, organized by grammatical categories, for use by beginning Latin students and also by more advanced students who want a systematic review of Latin grammar. For additional information, visit the BestLatin.net website

Relationship Between Religiosity and Gender Norms among Undergraduate Seventh-day Adventist College Students

Gender roles are an important issue as they impact rates of intimate partner violence which has a significant relationship with physical well-being and mental and emotional health. The presentation covers the rationale, the methodology, and the results of a mixed methods study designed to answer the following question: what impact, if any, does religiosity have on gender norms among students at Southern Adventist University? Data will be collected via a survey and individual in-depth interviews from the convenience sample of students at Southern Adventist University. Finally, it discusses implications for practice and policy change

The 2011 climate regime shift: seabed taxon monitoring identifies regimes

Monitoring of biodiversity may sometimes reflect human impacts on ecosystems, but analysis of biodiversity needs to account for naturally occurring trends as well. Biodiversity may provide more accurate definition of climate regime shifts than do physical oceanographic data, Using search programs for a long-term SCUBA taxonomic database (3865 dives) for Strait of Georgia seabed sites, 1,077 taxa were screened to select 171 rare or highly abundant taxa and to present the data according to climate regime categories. Ocean Niño Index climate regime shifts are defined here as the year of the end of the first La Niña closely paired with an El Niño by separation, where anomalies for both El Niño and La Niña exceed 1.0 on the ONI scale. For both rare and abundant taxa, patterns of increased or decreased abundance frequently correspond to years defining climate regimes. Cascading effects of climate regime shifts may occur via changes in community composition. The sea star wasting disease (SSWD) syndrome eliminated predators of urchins so that urchins have decreased abundance of a kelp species that is nursery habitat for spot prawns. We conclude that 2011 was a climate regime shift. This 2011 regime shift coincided with disappearance of 11 seabed species from our Strait of Georgia dataset, none of them at their southern range extreme. Both increases and decreases in species abundance tend to coincide with climate regime shifts that have occurred regularly as a fundamental aspect of weather and climate on earth

Seabed Biodiversity Shifts Identify Climate Regimes: The 2011 Climate Regime Shift and Associated Cascades

Using search programs for a long-term SCUBA taxonomic database (3865 dives) for Strait of Georgia seabed sites, 1077 taxa were screened to select rare or highly abundant taxa and to present the data according to climate regime categories. Ocean Niño Index (ONI) climate regime shifts are defined here as the year of the end of the first La Niña closely paired with an El Niño by ≤2 months separation, where anomalies for both El Niño and La Niña exceed 1.0 on the ONI scale. For both rare and abundant taxa, patterns of increased or decreased abundance frequently correspond to years defining climate regimes. Cascading effects of climate regime shifts may occur via changes in community composition. The sea star wasting disease (SSWD) syndrome eliminated urchin predators so that urchins have decreased abundance of a kelp species that is nursery habitat for spot prawns. We conclude that 2011 was a climate regime shift. This 2011 regime shift coincided with loss of 11 seabed species in the Strait of Georgia, none of them at their southern range extreme

Estimating hybridization in the presence of coalescence using phylogenetic intraspecific sampling

Abstract Background A well-known characteristic of multi-locus data is that each locus has its own phylogenetic history which may differ substantially from the overall phylogenetic history of the species. Although the possibility that this arises through incomplete lineage sorting is often incorporated in models for the species-level phylogeny, it is much less common for hybridization to also be formally included in such models. Results We have modified the evolutionary model of Meng and Kubatko (2009) to incorporate intraspecific sampling of multiple individuals for estimation of speciation times and times of hybridization events for testing for hybridization in the presence of incomplete lineage sorting. We have also utilized a more efficient algorithm for obtaining our estimates. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our approach performs well under conditions motivated by an empirical data set for Sistrurus rattlesnakes where putative hybridization has occurred. We further demonstrate that the method is able to accurately detect the signature of hybridization in the data, while this signal may be obscured when other species-tree inference methods that ignore hybridization are used. Conclusions Our approach is shown to be powerful in detecting hybridization when it is present. When applied to the Sistrurus data, we find no evidence of hybridization; instead, it appears that putative hybrid snakes in Missouri are most likely pure S. catenatus tergeminus in origin, which has significant conservation implications.</p

BREVISSIMA: 1001 Tiny Latin Poems

This book contains 1001 two-line poems in Latin, with Latin-English vocabulary. The poems come from all periods of Latin literature - classical, medieval and modern. The vocabulary is keyed to a Latin frequency list so that the poems can provide appropriate reading for intermediate and even beginning Latin students. For additional information, visit the BestLatin.net website

Mille Fabulae et Una: 1001 Aesop’s Fables in Latin

The book contains 1001 Aesop's fables in Latin, arranged by character. The fables are in Latin prose, adapted as needed so that each fable is 120 words in length at most. Verse fables have been rephrased in prose form; Greek fables appear in Latin translation, and there are also some French fables in Latin translation. Source notes and bibliography are provided, along with Perry reference numbers. Among the authors included are Abstemius, Ademar, Alexander Nequam, Aphthonius, Avianus, Babrius, Desbillons, Faernus, La Fontaine, Odo of Cheriton, Phaedrus, and Syntipas. For additional information, visit the BestLatin.net website

Sub-lethal viral exposure and growth on drought stressed host plants changes resource allocation patterns and life history costs in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria

This study in­ves­ti­gated the in­ter­ac­tive ef­fects of growth on drought stressed host plants and pathogen chal­lenge with the bac­ulovirus Au­to­grapha cal­i­for­nica nu­cle­opoly­he­drovirus (AcM­NPV) on sur­vival and fit­ness-re­lated traits us­ing the Speck­led Wood but­ter­fly, Pararge aege­ria (L.). Ex­po­sure to AcM­NPV sig­nif­i­cantly re­duced sur­vival to pu­pa­tion. For sur­viv­ing lar­vae, sub-lethal in­fec­tion sig­nif­i­cantly de­creased daily mass ac­qui­si­tion rates and pu­pal mass. Growth on drought stressed plants in­creased daily mass ac­qui­si­tion rates re­sult­ing in heav­ier pu­pae, and in­creased re­source al­lo­ca­tion to adult re­pro­duc­tion. The in­ter­ac­tion be­tween host plant drought and vi­ral ex­po­sure re­sulted in dif­fer­ent re­source al­lo­ca­tion strate­gies, and thus dif­fer­ent growth tra­jec­to­ries, be­tween lar­vae. This in turn re­sulted in sig­nif­i­cantly dif­fer­ent al­lo­met­ric re­la­tion­ships be­tween lar­val mass (at in­oc­u­la­tion) and both de­vel­op­ment time and in­vest­ment in flight mus­cles. For lar­vae with rel­a­tively lighter masses there was a cost of re­sist­ing in­fec­tion when growth oc­curred on drought stressed host plants, both within the lar­val stage (i.e. longer lar­val de­vel­op­ment times) and in the adult stage (i.e. lower in­vest­ment in flight mus­cle mass). This multi-fac­tor study high­lights sev­eral po­ten­tial mech­a­nisms by which the com­plex in­ter­play be­tween low host plant nu­tri­tional qual­ity due to drought, and pathogen ex­po­sure, may dif­fer­en­tially in­flu­ence the per­for­mance of P. aege­ria in­di­vid­u­als across mul­ti­ple life stages

High-Risk Contexts for Violence Against Women: Using Latent Class Analysis to Understand Structural and Contextual Drivers of Intimate Partner Violence at the National Level

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 1 in 3 women and poses a major human rights threat and public health burden, yet there is great variation in risk globally. Whilst individual risk factors are well-studied, less research has focussed on the structural and contextual drivers of IPV and how these co-occur to create contexts of high risk. Methods: We compiled IPV drivers from freely-accessible global country-level data sources and combined gender inequality, natural disasters, conflict, colonialism, socioeconomic development and inequality, homicide and social discrimination in a latent class analysis, and identified underlying 'risk contexts' based on fit statistics and theoretical plausibility (N=5,732 country-years; 190 countries). We used multinomial regression to compare risk contexts according to: proportion of population with disability, HIV/AIDS, refugee status, and mental health disorders; proportion of men with drug use disorders; men's alcohol consumption; and population median age (N=1,654-5,725 country-years). Finally, we compared prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV experienced by women in the past 12 months across risk contexts (N=3,175 country-years). Results: Three distinct risk contexts were identified: 1) non-patriarchal egalitarian, low rates of homicide; 2) patriarchal post-colonial, high rates of homicide; 3) patriarchal post-colonial conflict and disaster-affected. Compared to non-patriarchal egalitarian contexts, patriarchal post-colonial contexts had a younger age distribution and a higher prevalence of drug use disorders, but a lower prevalence of mental health disorders and a smaller refugee population. IPV risk was highest in the two patriarchal post-colonial contexts and associated with country income classification. Conclusions: Whilst our findings support the importance of gender norms in shaping women's risk of experiencing IPV, they also point towards an association with a history of colonialism. To effectively address IPV for women in high prevalence contexts, structural interventions and policies are needed that address not only gender norms, but also broader structural inequalities arising from colonialism