Enfermedad cerebrovascular en pediatría. Experiencia de un servicio de urgencias

Objetivos. Describir las características de la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) en pacientes atendidos en un servicio de urgencias pediátrico y detectar diferencias clínicas según sea isquémica o hemorrágica. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, analítico observacional, realizado en el servicio de urgencias pediátrico de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se incluyen pacientes entre 1 mes y 18 años de edad atendidos en el servicio durante 10 años (enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2011) con diagnóstico final de ECV. Se excluyen las hemorragias por traumatismos o secundarias a tumores, las trombosis de senos venosos y los pacientes no atendidos en el servicio. Resultados. Se incluyen 61 pacientes, 39 (63,9%) de sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 4,6 años (rango: 1,3 meses-17,5 años). De ellos, 26 (42,6%) presentan ECV isquémica y 35 (57,4%) ECV hemorrágica. La cefalea (n = 20; 57,1%; p = 0,008) y los vómitos (n = 25; 71,4%; p = 0,001) son más frecuentes en la ECV hemorrágica, y la hemiparesia (n = 17; 65,4%; p < 0,001) y la parálisis facial (n = 7; 26,9%; p = 0,001), en la ECV isquémica. Las principales causas de la ECV hemorrágica son las malformaciones arteriovenosas (n = 17; 38,6%), y las de la ECV isquémica, las arteriopatías (n = 6; 42,3%). Al alta, 27 (44,3%) presentaban diferentes grados de discapacidad y 6 (9,8%) fallecieron. Conclusiones. La ECV es una entidad poco frecuente, aunque presenta una elevada morbimortalidad. Se observa un ligero predominio de la ECV hemorrágica y se comprueba que la ECV hemorrágica se presenta más con signos de hipertensión intracraneal, y la isquémica, con focalidad neurológica

Uso de antídotos en un servicio de urgencias pediátricas.

INTRODUCTION: Poisoning is an infrequent cause of consultation in a pediatric emergency department (PED), but it can be potentially serious. Pediatricians should know how to use the available antidotes properly. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the use of antidotes in a PED and to assess the suitability of their indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of antidote use in a PED between January 2008 and June 2012. Inclusion criteria were age younger than 18 years and consultation for suspicious poisoning by a substance that could be treated with an antidote. The adequacy of antidote indication was based on the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies (SSPE). RESULTS: A total of 1728 consultations for suspicious poisoning (0.4% of the total visits in the PED) were recorded. In 353 cases (20.4%) the involved poison could be treated with an antidote. Sixty-seven patients received an antidote (3.9% of consultations for suspicious poisoning), and a total of 69 administrations of an antidote were made: 100% oxygen (46), N-acetylcysteine (10), flumazenil (4), naloxone (3), deferoxamine (2), vitamin K (2), bicarbonate (1), and carnitine (1). In 3 cases there was no indication for administration: flumazenil without respiratory depression, and vitamin K following coumarin exposure. As side effects, agitation was noted after the use of flumazenil, and a decrease in the prothrombin time during infusion of N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of antidotes in this PED is uncommon and, mainly, in accordance with the SSPE recommendations, and without serious side effects. The use of flumazenil needs to be limited to the cases with a clear indication and without any contraindication

Vulvar epidermal inclusion cyst as a long-term complication of female genital mutilation

We present a case report of a patient with epidermal inclusion cyst as a late complication of female genital mutilation (FGM). We describe the management of the patient, and a review of the literature. We report the clinical and pathological findings in a 37-year-old female patient from Nigeria, with a clitoral mass of 1 year duration. She declared to have an FGM since she was 5 years. The lesion was excised successfully with good cosmetic results. Histological examination revealed epidermal cyst with the presence of granular layer. An epidermal inclusion cyst can develop as a long-term consequence of FGM

Enfermedad cerebrovascular en pediatría. Experiencia de un servicio de urgencias

Objetivos. Describir las características de la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) en pacientes atendidos en un servicio de urgencias pediátrico y detectar diferencias clínicas según sea isquémica o hemorrágica. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, analítico observacional, realizado en el servicio de urgencias pediátrico de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se incluyen pacientes entre 1 mes y 18 años de edad atendidos en el servicio durante 10 años (enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2011) con diagnóstico final de ECV. Se excluyen las hemorragias por traumatismos o secundarias a tumores, las trombosis de senos venosos y los pacientes no atendidos en el servicio. Resultados. Se incluyen 61 pacientes, 39 (63,9%) de sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 4,6 años (rango: 1,3 meses-17,5 años). De ellos, 26 (42,6%) presentan ECV isquémica y 35 (57,4%) ECV hemorrágica. La cefalea (n = 20; 57,1%; p = 0,008) y los vómitos (n = 25; 71,4%; p = 0,001) son más frecuentes en la ECV hemorrágica, y la hemiparesia (n = 17; 65,4%; p < 0,001) y la parálisis facial (n = 7; 26,9%; p = 0,001), en la ECV isquémica. Las principales causas de la ECV hemorrágica son las malformaciones arteriovenosas (n = 17; 38,6%), y las de la ECV isquémica, las arteriopatías (n = 6; 42,3%). Al alta, 27 (44,3%) presentaban diferentes grados de discapacidad y 6 (9,8%) fallecieron. Conclusiones. La ECV es una entidad poco frecuente, aunque presenta una elevada morbimortalidad. Se observa un ligero predominio de la ECV hemorrágica y se comprueba que la ECV hemorrágica se presenta más con signos de hipertensión intracraneal, y la isquémica, con focalidad neurológica

Uso de antídotos en un servicio de urgencias pediátricas.

INTRODUCTION: Poisoning is an infrequent cause of consultation in a pediatric emergency department (PED), but it can be potentially serious. Pediatricians should know how to use the available antidotes properly. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the use of antidotes in a PED and to assess the suitability of their indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of antidote use in a PED between January 2008 and June 2012. Inclusion criteria were age younger than 18 years and consultation for suspicious poisoning by a substance that could be treated with an antidote. The adequacy of antidote indication was based on the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies (SSPE). RESULTS: A total of 1728 consultations for suspicious poisoning (0.4% of the total visits in the PED) were recorded. In 353 cases (20.4%) the involved poison could be treated with an antidote. Sixty-seven patients received an antidote (3.9% of consultations for suspicious poisoning), and a total of 69 administrations of an antidote were made: 100% oxygen (46), N-acetylcysteine (10), flumazenil (4), naloxone (3), deferoxamine (2), vitamin K (2), bicarbonate (1), and carnitine (1). In 3 cases there was no indication for administration: flumazenil without respiratory depression, and vitamin K following coumarin exposure. As side effects, agitation was noted after the use of flumazenil, and a decrease in the prothrombin time during infusion of N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of antidotes in this PED is uncommon and, mainly, in accordance with the SSPE recommendations, and without serious side effects. The use of flumazenil needs to be limited to the cases with a clear indication and without any contraindication