O IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA NO RASTREIO E NO DIAGNÓSTICO DE CÂNCER DE MAMA NO BRASIL

ABSTRACT: The pandemic led to the need for social isolation and health services adaptation, which led to a important delay on screening tests for the health of the population. For patients with premalignant or early stages malignant lesions, this delay significantly compromises theirs prognosis. The study’s objective is to quantify the pandemic impact on the mammograms number during 2020. It is a descriptive observational study with secondary data collection from DATASUS regarding the mammograms number performed in patients targeted for screening in 2019 and 2020, and regarding the diagnoses number of  breast cancer in the same period. In 2019, 1,966,565 mammograms were performed in Brazil on women, a 39.37% drop in the number of mammograms performed in 2020 (1,192,274 in total). The number of diagnoses also decreased worryingly from 25,510 to 23,144 in 2020. Due to the social isolation established as a way to reduce the chances of contagion by the virus, the pandemic had a negative impact on the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer. mom is in the country. KEYWORDS: mammography, neoplasm, breast, prevention, COVID-19.RESUMO: A pandemia levou à necessidade de isolamento social e adaptação dos serviços de saúde, o que acarretou no atraso na realização de exames de rastreios importantes na saúde da população. Para pacientes com lesões pré-malignas ou malignas em estágios iniciais, este atraso compromete significativamente o prognóstico. O objetivo é quantificar o impacto da pandemia sobre o número de mamografias durante 2020. É um estudo observacional descritivo com coleta de dados secundária proveniente do DATASUS referentes ao número de mamografias realizadas em pacientes alvo de rastreio em 2019 e 2020, e referente ao número de diagnóstico de Câncer de Mama no mesmo período. Em 2019, 1.966.565 mamografias foram realizadas no Brasil em mulheres, com queda de 39,37% no número de mamografias realizadas em 2020 (1.192.274 no total). O número de diagnósticos de neoplasias mamárias também diminuiu de forma preocupante de 25.510 para 23.144 em 2020. Em virtude do isolamento social instaurado como forma de diminuir as chances de contágio pelo vírus, a pandemia impactou de forma negativa o rastreamento e o diagnóstico de câncer de mama no país. PALAVRAS CHAVES: mamografia, neoplasia, prevenção, mama, COVID-19

The PedAL/EuPAL Project:A Global Initiative to Address the Unmet Medical Needs of Pediatric Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The prognosis of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved incrementally over the last few decades. However, at relapse, overall survival (OS) is approximately 40–50% and is even lower for patients with chemo-refractory disease. Effective and less toxic therapies are urgently needed for these children. The Pediatric Acute Leukemia (PedAL) program is a strategic global initiative that aims to overcome the obstacles in treating children with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia and is supported by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society in collaboration with the Children’s Oncology Group, the Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer consortium, and the European Pediatric Acute Leukemia (EuPAL) foundation, amongst others. In Europe, the study is set up as a complex clinical trial with a stratification approach to allocate patients to sub-trials of targeted inhibitors at relapse and employing harmonized response and safety definitions across sub-trials. The PedAL/EuPAL international collaboration aims to determine new standards of care for AML in a first and second relapse, using biology-based selection markers for treatment stratification, and deliver essential data to move drugs to front-line pediatric AML studies. An overview of potential treatment targets in pediatric AML, focused on drugs that are planned to be included in the PedAL/EuPAL project, is provided in this manuscript.</p

The PedAL/EuPAL Project:A Global Initiative to Address the Unmet Medical Needs of Pediatric Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The prognosis of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved incrementally over the last few decades. However, at relapse, overall survival (OS) is approximately 40–50% and is even lower for patients with chemo-refractory disease. Effective and less toxic therapies are urgently needed for these children. The Pediatric Acute Leukemia (PedAL) program is a strategic global initiative that aims to overcome the obstacles in treating children with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia and is supported by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society in collaboration with the Children’s Oncology Group, the Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer consortium, and the European Pediatric Acute Leukemia (EuPAL) foundation, amongst others. In Europe, the study is set up as a complex clinical trial with a stratification approach to allocate patients to sub-trials of targeted inhibitors at relapse and employing harmonized response and safety definitions across sub-trials. The PedAL/EuPAL international collaboration aims to determine new standards of care for AML in a first and second relapse, using biology-based selection markers for treatment stratification, and deliver essential data to move drugs to front-line pediatric AML studies. An overview of potential treatment targets in pediatric AML, focused on drugs that are planned to be included in the PedAL/EuPAL project, is provided in this manuscript.</p

FATORES DE RISCO E FATORES PROTETORES PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MASTITE PUERPERAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

ABSTRACT: Puerperal mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland closely associated with the lactation period followed by a non-infectious stage and then for a infectious stage. The study objective to delimit the factors associated with a greater and lesser propensity for mastitis in the puerperium, through a literature review carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane and Virtual Health Library databases, with the descriptors “mastitis”, “puerperal mastitis” and “breast infection after childbirth”. Articles incompatible with the objective were excluded and the ones between 2015 and 2021 were selected. It is common to occur in the first six to eight weeks postpartum. Forty-two potential risk factors were identified, divided into three categories: related to behavior, related to maternal characteristics and related to the puerperium, with nipple injury being the main one. Practices such as increasing the breastfeeding frequency, alternating the breasts where breastfeeding begins, and self-care of the breasts after breastfeeding reduce the risk of the disease. It is clear that a large number of risk and protective factors for mastitis are behavioral, so it is possible to modify them so that there is a progressive decrease in its incidence. KEYWORDS: Breast; Mastite; Risk Factors; Postpartum Period; Breast Diseases.RESUMO: Mastite puerperal é uma condição inflamatória da glândula mamária bastante associada ao período de lactação seguida de um estágio não infeccioso para uma mastite infecciosa. O trabalho objetivou delimitar os fatores associados a maior e menor propensão de mastite no puerpério, através de uma revisão de literatura realizada nas base de dados PubMed, Cochrane e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com os descritores "mastitis”, "puerperal mastitis" e “breast infection after childbirth”. Artigos incompatíveis com o objetivo foram excluídos e foram selecionados artigos entre 2015 e 2021. É comum ocorrer nas primeiras seis a oito semanas de pós-parto. Foram identificados 42 fatores de risco potenciais divididos em três categorias: relacionados aos comportamentos, relacionadas às características maternas e relacionadas ao puerpério, sendo a lesão mamilar o principal. Práticas como aumentar a frequência das mamadas, alternar as mamas em que se inicia a amamentação e autocuidado das mamas após o aleitamento diminuem p risco da patologia. Fica explícito que grande parcela dos fatores de risco&nbsp;e protetores para mastite são comportamentais, logo sendo possível modificá-los para que haja uma diminuição progressiva da sua incidência. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Mama; Mastatis; Fatores de Risco; Período Pós-Parto; Doenças Mamárias

Relato de experiencia sobre el uso de plantas medicinales por una comunidad del municipio de Uruguaiana/RS

Objetivo: Relatar a utilização de plantas medicinais por uma comunidade urbana do município de Uruguaiana/RS. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência elaborado a partir de um diagnóstico de saúde de uma população residente em uma área da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), realizado no período de 13 de maio a 03 de junho de 2009, com 278 famílias. Foram investigados dados referentes à frequência e uso de plantas medicinais, origem do conhecimento e possíveis reações adversas, além de informações sobre o uso tópico e substituição de fármacos pelas plantas medicinais. Resultados: Observou-se que 94,6% das famílias fazem uso de plantas medicinais. A maior parte afirmou utilizá-los pela crença de que este tratamento tem maior eficácia se comparado com o tratamento farmacológico. Apenas 36,1% dos entrevistados responderam que utilizam os chás de plantas medicinais sempre que têm alguma necessidade de saúde. A maioria das crianças das famílias entrevistadas utiliza plantas medicinais (71,2%). Conclusão: Acredita-se que o trabalho educativo realizado junto aos agentes comunitários de saúde, concomitante à apresentação dos resultados tenha contribuído para a promoção da saúde desta população

Genotype and phenotype landscape of MEN2 in 554 medullary thyroid cancer patients: the BrasMEN study

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by RET gene germline mutations that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) associated with other endocrine tumors. Several reports have demonstrated that the RET mutation profile may vary according to the geographical area. In this study, we collected clinical and molecular data from 554 patients with surgically confirmed MTC from 176 families with MEN2 in 18 different Brazili an centers to compare the type and prevalence of RET mutations with those from other countries. The most frequent mutations, classified by the number of families affected, occur in codon 634, exon 11 (76 families), followed by codon 918, exon 16 (34 families: 26 with M918T and 8 with M918V) and codon 804, exon 14 (22 families: 15 with V804M and 7 with V804L). When compared with other major published series from Europe, there are several similarities and some differences. While the mutations in codons C618, C620, C630, E768 and S891 present a similar prevalence, some mutations have a lower prevalence in Brazil, and others are found mainly in Brazil (G533C and M918V). These results reflect the singular proportion of European, Amerindian and African ancestries in the Brazilian mosaic genome83289298CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - FAPERGSSem informaçãoSem informação2006/60402-1; 2010/51547-1; 2013/01476-9; 2014/06570-6; 2009/50575-4; 2010/51546-5; 2012/21942-116/2551-0000482-

Genotype and phenotype landscape of MEN2 in 554 medullary thyroid cancer patients: the BrasMEN study

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by RET gene germline mutations that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) associated with other endocrine tumors. Several reports have demonstrated that the RET mutation profile may vary according to the geographical area. In this study, we collected clinical and molecular data from 554 patients with surgically confirmed MTC from 176 families with MEN2 in 18 different Brazilian centers to compare the type and prevalence of RET mutations with those from other countries. The most frequent mutations, classified by the number of families affected, occur in codon 634, exon 11 (76 families), followed by codon 918, exon 16 (34 families: 26 with M918T and 8 with M918V) and codon 804, exon 14 (22 families: 15 with V804M and 7 with V804L). When compared with other major published series from Europe, there are several similarities and some differences. While the mutations in codons C618, C620, C630, E768 and S891 present a similar prevalence, some mutations have a lower prevalence in Brazil, and others are found mainly in Brazil (G533C and M918V). These results reflect the singular proportion of European, Amerindian and African ancestries in the Brazilian mosaic genome

Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors : electro-pharmacological studies of synaptic transmission from the direct perforant path to CAl-stratum lacunosum moleculare of the hippocampus

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Elevated CaMKIIα and Hyperphosphorylation of Homer Mediate Circuit Dysfunction in a Fragile X Syndrome Mouse Model

Abnormal metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) function, as a result of disrupted scaffolding with its binding partner Homer, contributes to the pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome, a common inherited form of intellectual disability and autism caused by mutations in Fmr1. How loss of Fmr1 disrupts mGluR5-Homer scaffolds is unknown, and little is known about the dynamic regulation of mGluR5-Homer scaffolds in wild-type neurons. Here, we demonstrate that brief (minutes-long) elevations in neural activity cause CaMKIIα-mediated phosphorylation of long Homer proteins and dissociation from mGluR5 at synapses. In Fmr1 knockout (KO) cortex, Homers are hyperphosphorylated as a result of elevated CaMKIIα protein. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CaMKIIα or replacement of Homers with dephosphomimetics restores mGluR5-Homer scaffolds and multiple Fmr1 KO phenotypes, including circuit hyperexcitability and/or seizures. This work links translational control of an FMRP target mRNA, CaMKIIα, to the molecular-, cellular-, and circuit-level brain dysfunction in a complex neurodevelopmental disorder

PEO-b-PNBA in-situ functionalized mesoporous silica films and their light- and pH-controlled ionic mesopore accessibility

Multistimuli-responsive, in-situ functionalized mesoporous silica films were fabricated by evaporation-induced self-assembly through physical entrapment of the functional template poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(2-nitrobenzyl acrylate) (PEO-b-PNBA). The light-cleavable and pH-responsive block copolymer PEO-b-PNBA simultaneously serves as structure-directing agent and for in-situ polymer functionalization of the generated mesopore space. The use of different PEO-b-PNBA compositions results in highly filled hybrid mesoporous silica films with different pore sizes, porosity, and polymer chain sequence within the mesopores. Based on these structural variations and the polymer chain sequence the ionic permselectivity of the silica-polymer hybrid thin films is adjusted. The side chains of the template PNBA block can be deprotected upon irradiation, hereby releasing pH-responsive carboxylic acid groups. The irradiation energy and irradiation time-dependent deprotection allows gradually controlled charge regulation in mesopores. This approach of in-situ functionalization using multistimuli-responsive PEO-b-PNBA block copolymers facilitates the fabrication of multi-responsive hybrid mesoporous silica films and bears high potential for the production of complex, hierarchical, multifunctional mesoporous materials. This fabrication method including direct functionalization of mesoporous structures is of high interest for many applications based on controlled molecular transport in nanoscale pores, such as sensing, separation, or catalysis