Book review: Cold War ruins: transpacific critique of American justice and Japanese war crimes by Lisa Yoneyama

At a time when legalistic responses to war and conflict have become a dominant discourse in international relations, Lisa Yoneyama examines the contested legacy of the Allied justice project in occupied Japan and suggests that we need to ‘unlearn some of the most familiar terms with which we make demands for a just world’. Cold War Ruins: Transpacific Critique of American Justice and Japanese War Crimes offers an original account that will be of interest to those researching Cold War and area studies, postcolonial feminism and transitional justice theory, finds Teemu Laulainen

Photoelectron Emission from Metal Surfaces Induced by VUV-emission of Filament Driven Hydrogen Arc Discharge Plasma

Photoelectron emission measurements have been performed using a filament-driven multi-cusp arc discharge volume production H^- ion source (LIISA). It has been found that photoelectron currents obtained with Al, Cu, Mo, Ta and stainless steel (SAE 304) are on the same order of magnitude. The photoelectron currents depend linearly on the discharge power. It is shown experimentally that photoelectron emission is significant only in the short wavelength range of hydrogen spectrum due to the energy dependence of the quantum efficiency. It is estimated from the measured data that the maximum photoelectron flux from plasma chamber walls is on the order of 1 A per kW of discharge power

An Experimental Study of Waveguide Coupled Microwave Heating with Conventional Multicusp Negative Ion Source

Negative ion production with conventional multicusp plasma chambers utilizing 2.45 GHz microwave heating is demonstrated. The experimental results were obtained with the multicusp plasma chambers and extraction systems of the RFdriven RADIS ion source and the filament driven arc discharge ion source LIISA. A waveguide microwave coupling system, which is almost similar to the one used with the SILHI ion source, was used. The results demonstrate that at least one third of negative ion beam obtained with inductive RF-coupling (RADIS) or arc discharge (LIISA) can be achieved with 1 kW of 2.45 GHz microwave power in CW mode without any modification of the plasma chamber. The co-extracted electron to H^- ratio and the optimum pressure range were observed to be similar for both heating methods. The behaviour of the plasma implies that the energy transfer from the microwaves to the plasma electrons is mainly an off-resonance process

Material Construction of Care Workers’ Identity

This article takes a critical look at the unconscious and unnoticed effects of materiality on care workers’ identity. The data was collected through nonactive role-playing using written accounts, in which the respondents described how they felt about working in fictitious ‘good’ or ‘bad’ elderly care homes. The data was analyzed with rhetorical analysis. Five different identity strategies were identified in the accounts. Strong professional identity was defended by downplaying the significance of materiality. Adjustment and passive compliance were used to adjust to physical shortcomings of the work environment. A ‘rebellion’ was described as an extreme course of action to resolve the contradiction between good care and poor facilities. At its best, the materiality of care homes, in particular homelikeness, seemed to support professional identity. These identity strategies illustrate how care workers balance between the physical realities of care homes and the requirements of the ethos of care, which are often incompatible with each other. It is crucial that managers as well as workers themselves recognize and acknowledge these connections affecting motivation and commitment to care work. Investments in better environments could be one way to improve the image and the attractiveness of the care branch and relieve the recruitment problems

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF COPPER-NICKEL DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHEAST MINNESOTA

Computer simulations of industry gross output, employment and earnings changes associated with alternative copper-nickel development scenarios are presented in this report. The direct and indirect economic effects of seven development scenarios are projected for a mining impact Study Area in St. Louis County, Minnesota.Community/Rural/Urban Development, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF MINNESOTA PEATLAND DEVELOPMENT

Existing peatland development and future uses for peat are described and evaluated in this report. Scenarios for future development of the study area peat industry are described in terms of employment, earnings, capital investment, and value of production. Forecasts of the potential impacts of peatland development on regional industry production, employment, earnings, and population are presented. These impacts are determined by using SIMLAB, an acronym for a regional socio-economic computer model developed at the University of Minnesota for quantitative analysis of the direct, indirect and induced socio-economic effects of events like peatland development.Land Economics/Use,

USERS' GUIDE TO THE MINNESOTA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT SIMULATION LABORATORY

This manual is a users' guide to the Minnesota Regional Development Simulation Laboratory, called SIMLAB.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

EMPLOYMENT TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS FOR MINNESOTA AND ITS SUBSTATE DEVELOPMENT REGIONS

Labor and Human Capital,

From OmaStadi towards MeidänStadi – research about the first year of the participatory budgeting model of the city of Helsinki and suggestions for the development

Tämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee Helsingin kaupungin syksyllä 2018 toimeenpanemaa osallistuvan budjetoinnin mallia, OmaStadia. Tutkimusaineisto ei kata koko OmaStadin prosessia, vaan ainoastaan vaiheet, jotka toteutuivat syksyn 2018 ja kevään 2019 välisenä aikana. Prosessin äänestys- ja toteutusvaihe käsitellään kuitenkin toteutuneen mallin kuvailussa ja tekemässäni konseptissa. Tutkimuksessa pyritään hahmottamaan sitä, miten ensimmäistä kertaa toteutettu malli toteutui, miten siihen osallistuneet kaupunkilaiset sen kokivat ja minkälaisia toimintakykyjä osallistuvaan budjetointiin osallistuminen edellyttää. Tutkimuksessa pyritään myös hahmottaa nykyisen mallin toimintakykyjen mahdollistumiseen liittyvät vaaranpaikat ja tarjoamaan jatkokehittämiselle vaihtoehtoinen konsepti. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä käytetään muotoilun kentällä vielä melko vähän sovellettua toimintakykynäkemystä. Tutkimuksen pääaineisto koostuu Helsingin kaupungin palautekyselyiden vastauksista ja tekemistäni puolistrukturoiduista osallistuja-haastatteluista. Haastatteluiden tekemisessä hyödynsin palvelumuotoilusta tuttuja palvelupolku-työpohjia ja kokemusarviointi-taulukkoja. Näistä aineistosta keräsin sekä yleisiä että juuri toimintakykyihin liittyviä haasteita, tarpeita ja toiveita, ja käytin löydöksiä OmaStadin jatkokehittämiseen tähtäävän MeidänStadi-konseptin muotoilemiseen. Tutkimuksen mukaan prosessiin osallistuneet kaupunkilaiset edustavat pääosin korkeasti koulutettuja, aktiivisia suomenkielisiä kaupunkilaisia, joilla on hyvät osallistumisen taidot. Naisten määrä näyttää olleen suurempi kuin miesten. Tutkimuksen aineiston pohjalta näyttää siltä, että suurin osa ensimmäisen vuoden prosessiin osallistuneista on ollut tyytyväisiä prosessin toteuttamistapaan, ja prosessiin osallistuminen on lisännyt heidän ymmärrystään ja kiinnostustaan päätöksentekoon osallistumisesta. Tutkimuksen mukaan toteuttamistavassa on kuitenkin myös puutteita. Nämä niin sanotut toimintakykyjen vaaranpaikat liittyvät esimerkiksi prosessin alkuvaiheen tiedon ymmärtämisen ja suunnitteluvaiheen yhteistyön toimintakykyjen mahdollistumiseen. MeidänStadi-konsepti, joka pyrkii vastaamaan nykyisessä mallissa ilmenneisiin vaaranpaikkoihin, korostaa nimensä mukaisesti yhteisöllisyyttä. Konseptin käytännön toimet tähtäävät muun muassa keskustelemisen, yhteistyön ja arvioimisen toimintakykyjen mahdollistumiseen ja kehittymiseen. Prosessissa on uusia elementtejä, kuten MeidänStadi-raati, ja testaaminen on oleellinen osa kehittämistyötä. Konsepti tarjoaa nykyiseen malliin pohjautuvan vaihtoehtoisen mallin, jossa mennään askeleen verran lähemmäksi osallistuvan budjetoinnin alkuperäistä, Porto Alegren mallia. Vaikka OmaStadissa onkin vielä kehitettävää, Helsingin kaupungille voi antaa hyvän arvosanan ensimmäisen vuoden toteuttamisesta. Alueosallisuustiimi ja OmaStadi-projektiryhmä ovat tehneet valtavasti töitä toteuttaessaan ja samaan aikaisesti kehittäessään tätä ensimmäisen vuoden prosessia. On myös syytä pitää mielessä, että toimivan mallin kehittäminen ja toteuttaminen ovat pitkä prosessi eikä järkevää ja kaikkia tyydyttävää osallistuvan budjetoinnin mallia rakenneta yksin saati hetkessä.This thesis investigates OmaStadi (MyCity) model, a participatory budgeting model of the City of Helsinki, that started in autumn 2018. Research data is not covering the whole process, only the phases that were actualized between autumn 2018 and spring 2019. Voting and implementation phases are still covered when introducing the actualized OmaStadi process and the concept MeidänStadi (OurCity). The thesis aims to perceive understanding of how the process was executed, how did the citizens experience the process and what kind of capabilities are needed for participating participatory budgeting process. The research tries to depict the pain points of the process from the perspective of capabilities and offers an alternative concept for further development. The capability approach, which is still applied quite seldom in the design field, is the theoretical framework of this thesis. The main source material of the thesis consists of feedback answers of the citizen questionnaires made by Helsinki city and my semi-structured interviews. I utilized familiar service design tools – service journey template and experience evaluation form – to carry out the interviews. From these materials, I gathered both common and precisely capability related challenges, needs and wishes. These findings were the basis for building a new, further developed model of the OmaStadi process, the concept I call MeidänStadi (OurCity). Research shows that most of the participants represent highly educated, active, Finnish speaking citizens who have good capabilities for participation. The total of woman participants seems to be bigger than men. Data points out that most of the participants are happy how OmaStadi was implemented and they think that participation has increased their understanding and interest in decision making. Based on the research process has still some weaknesses. These capability related pain points seem to relate for example to the understanding capability and collaboration capability. MeidänStadi concept, which aims to solve the pain points that exist in the present model, highlights and tries to increase the importance of us instead of me or you. Practical solutions of the concept focus i.a. on conversation, collaboration and evaluation capabilities. The process includes some new features like MeidänStadi council and phases of testing used tools and working methods. The concept that is based on the OmaStadi model offers a version that is a bit more towards the original Porto Alegre’s participatory budgeting model. Even though there are things to develop with the OmaStadi model, the City of Helsinki has done a good job. The team of district participation (alueosallisuustiimi) and the OmaStadi project team have done an enormous amount of work when executing and developing the new model on the run. It is also fair to remember that to develop and execute a functional and reasonable participatory budgeting model that would satisfy all parties is a long process. It is not built alone either in a hurry