Survey of Chemistry I

This Grants Collection for Survey of Chemistry I was created under a Round Two ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process. Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials: Linked Syllabus Initial Proposal Final Reporthttps://oer.galileo.usg.edu/chemistry-collections/1000/thumbnail.jp

Survey of Chemistry II

This Grants Collection uses the grant-supported open wiki textbook Survey of Chemistry II from Middle Georgia State University: http://oer.galileo.usg.edu/chemistry-textbooks/1/ This Grants Collection for Survey of Chemistry II was created under a Round Two ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process. Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials: Linked Syllabus Initial Proposal Final Reporthttps://oer.galileo.usg.edu/chemistry-collections/1001/thumbnail.jp

Use of the dried blood spot sampling process coupled with fast gas chromatography and negative-ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: application to fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, reboxetine, and paroxetine analysis

The objective of this work was to combine the advantages of the dried blood spot (DBS) sampling process with the highly sensitive and selective negative-ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (NICI-MS-MS) to analyze for recent antidepressants including fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, reboxetine, and paroxetine from micro whole blood samples (i.e., 10 μL). Before analysis, DBS samples were punched out, and antidepressants were simultaneously extracted and derivatized in a single step by use of pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride and 0.02% triethylamine in butyl chloride for 30min at 60°C under ultrasonication. Derivatives were then separated on a gas chromatograph coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in negative selected reaction monitoring mode for a total run time of 5min. To establish the validity of the method, trueness, precision, and selectivity were determined on the basis of the guidelines of the "Société Française des Sciences et des Techniques Pharmaceutiques” (SFSTP). The assay was found to be linear in the concentration ranges 1 to 500ng mL−1 for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine and 20 to 500ng mL−1 for reboxetine and paroxetine. Despite the small sampling volume, the limit of detection was estimated at 20pg mL−1 for all the analytes. The stability of DBS was also evaluated at −20°C, 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C for up to 30days. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic investigation performed on a healthy volunteer after oral administration of a single 40-mg dose of fluoxetine. Thus, this validated DBS method combines an extractive—derivative single step with a fast and sensitive GC-NICI-MS-MS technique. Using microliter blood samples, this procedure offers a patient-friendly tool in many biomedical fields such as checking treatment adherence, therapeutic drug monitoring, toxicological analyses, or pharmacokinetic studie

Automated DBS Extraction Prior to Hilic/RP LC-MS/MS Target Screening of Drugs

This article describes a rapid LC-MS/MS target screening method based on an automated extraction of 5μL dried blood spots (DBS), two 5min chromatographic runs on orthogonal phase columns (RP and Hilic) and a data dependent acquisition (DDA) of product ions spectra for the reliable identification of the detected compounds. The extraction step was performed in 2min by using the LC autosampler itself in 96-well plates. This procedure was evaluated using 22 model compounds frequently encountered in forensic investigations, i.e., cocaine, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, opioids, antidepressants and antipsychotics. These investigations showed that even if the extraction step was reduced to a minimum, the extraction recoveries were satisfactory (median value of 40%) and allowed for the detection of the model compounds in their therapeutic ranges, with the exception of morphine. Moreover, the use of two different chromatographic columns broadened the number of screening targets to those that behaved poorly under RP conditions, such as amphetamines or glucuronides, while keeping chromatographic gradients very short. This procedure was applied to 34 authentic post-mortem cases. It allowed the detection of 89% of the compounds that were quantified in the routine procedures and the formal identification of 77% of the compounds using their product ions spectra. These results were considered more than satisfactory compared to routine screening alone (GC-MS and LC-DAD, 55% compound identification). The method described in this article is therefore a powerful approach for a fast, reliable and efficient target screening of drugs in forensic and clinical investigation

Comparison of cannabinoid concentrations in oral fluid and whole blood between occasional and regular cannabis smokers prior to and after smoking a cannabis joint

A cross-over controlled administration study of smoked cannabis was carried out on occasional and heavy smokers. The participants smoked a joint (11% Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)) or a matching placebo on two different occasions. Whole blood (WB) and oral fluid (OF) samples were collected before and up to 3.5h after smoking the joints. Pharmacokinetic analyses were obtained from these data. Questionnaires assessing the subjective effects were administered to the subjects during each session before and after the smoking time period. THC, 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) were analyzed in the blood by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The determination of THC, THCCOOH, cannabinol (CBN), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THC-A) was carried out on OF only using LC-MS/MS. In line with the widely accepted assumption that cannabis smoking results in a strong contamination of the oral cavity, we found that THC, and also THC-A, shows a sharp, high concentration peak just after smoking, with a rapid decrease in these levels within 3h. No obvious differences were found between both groups concerning THC median maximum concentrations measured either in blood or in OF; these levels were equal to 1,338 and 1,041μg/L in OF and to 82 and 94μg/L in WB for occasional and heavy smokers, respectively. The initial WB THCCOOH concentration was much higher in regular smokers than in occasional users. Compared with the occasional smokers, the sensation of confusion felt by the regular smokers was much less while the feeling of intoxication remained almost unchanged. Figure Time profiles of THC, 11-OH-THC, and THCCOOH in whole blood for occasional (a) and heavy cannabis smokers (b

Survey of Chemistry II Wikitext

This open textbook for Survey of Chemistry II includes a remix of ChemWiki readings and Khan Academy videos, configured by unit in a course schedule format.https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/chemistry-textbooks/1000/thumbnail.jp

Proposal and Report for Grant 111: Survey of Chemistry I, Survey of Chemistry II

This proposal and final report are from the first ALG grants finishing between Spring 2015 and Spring 2016. They have been republished in the repository in order to move our first reports over from being hosted on the ALG website

Multiplex quantitative imaging of human myocardial infarction by mass spectrometry-immunohistochemistry

Simultaneous assessment of a panel of protein markers is becoming essential in order to enhance biomarker research and improve diagnostics. Specifically, postmortem diagnostics of early myocardial ischemia in sudden cardiac death cases could benefit from a multiplex marker assessment in the same tissue section. Current analytical antibody-based techniques (immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence) limit multiplex analysis usually to not more than three antibodies. In this study, mass spectrometry-immunohistochemistry (MS-IHC) was performed by combining laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) with rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies as a technique for multiplex analysis of human postmortem myocardial tissue samples. Tissue sections with myocardial infarction were simultaneously analyzed for seven primary, rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies (troponin T, myoglobin, fibronectin, C5b-9, unphosphorylated connexin 43, VEGF-B, and JunB). Comparison between the MS-IHC approach and chromogenic IHC showed similar patterns in ionic and optical images. In addition, absolute quantification was performed by MS-IHC, providing a proportional relationship between the signal intensity and the local marker concentration in tissue sections. These data demonstrated that LA-ICP-MS combined with rare-metal-isotope-tagged antibodies is an efficient strategy for simultaneous testing of multiple markers and allows not only visualization of molecules within the tissue but also quantification of the signal. Such imaging approach has a great potential in both diagnostics and pathology-related research