MRSA: the leading pathogen of orthopedic infection in a tertiary care hospital, South India

Background: The rate of infection is high and heterogeneous in developing countries. This study aimed to find the rate and pattern of infection in a tertiary care hospital with a goal to improve the infection control practices.Methods: The study was conducted in the orthopedic units of a multispecialty teaching hospital. Medical records of major orthopedic surgery adult patients without immunosuppression state were included. The bacterial culture report of the wound swabs were noted over a period of one year. The bacterial culture testing was performed by a recommended method.Results: Among 2,249 orthopedic surgery patients, 83.7% were males, 49.1% had open wounds during admission and 32.2% patients were infected. Majority (64.2%) of the injuries were in the lower limb with 19.4% patients having undergone multiple surgeries during hospitalization. A total of 946 pathogens were grown from 725 specimens. Staphylococcus aureus was the max- imum (48.4%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.3%) and E coli (16.7%). Among them, 57.3% were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and was the leading pathogen causing infection among orthopedic patients.Conclusion: MRSA infection was high. Consequent to this, an interventional program entitled ‘Extended Infection Control Measures' was designed to reduce the burden of infection.Keywords: MRSA, orthopedic, infection, South India

MRSA: the leading pathogen of orthopedic infection in a tertiary care hospital, South India

Background: The rate of infection is high and heterogeneous in developing countries. This study aimed to find the rate and pattern of infection in a tertiary care hospital with a goal to improve the infection control practices. Methods: The study was conducted in the orthopedic units of a multispecialty teaching hospital. Medical records of major orthopedic surgery adult patients without immunosuppression state were included. The bacterial culture report of the wound swabs were noted over a period of one year. The bacterial culture testing was performed by a recommended method. Results: Among 2,249 orthopedic surgery patients, 83.7% were males, 49.1% had open wounds during admission and 32.2% patients were infected. Majority (64.2%) of the injuries were in the lower limb with 19.4% patients having undergone multiple surgeries during hospitalization. A total of 946 pathogens were grown from 725 specimens. Staphylococcus aureus was the maximum (48.4%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.3%) and E coli (16.7%). Among them, 57.3% were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and was the leading pathogen causing infection among orthopedic patients. Conclusion: MRSA infection was high. Consequent to this, an interventional program entitled \u2018Extended Infection Control Measures' was designed to reduce the burden of infection. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.12 Cite as: Latha T, Anil B, Manjunatha H, Chiranjay M, Elsa D, Baby N, et al. MRSA: the leading pathogen of orthopedic infection in a tertiary care hospital, South India. Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1). 1393-1401. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.1

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission causes significant distress that can hinder the successful transition into parenthood, child-parent relations, and child development. Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand parental psychological phenomena. Here we assessed the emotional response of parents of newborns during NICU admission. Methods Two authors independently searched the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between January 01, 2004, and December 31, 2021. The review followed Cochrane collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) statement. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Stata software (version 16) was used to compute the results. Results This review comprised 6,822 parents (5,083 mothers, 1,788 fathers; age range, 18–37 years) of NICU patients. The gestational ages and neonatal weights were 25.5–42 weeks and 750–2,920 g, respectively. The pooled prevalence of anxiety was higher among mothers (effect size [ES], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–0.61; and heterogeneity [I2]=97.1%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11–0.42; I2=96.6%; P<0.001). Further, the pooled prevalence of depression was higher among mothers (ES, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.24–0.38; I2=91.5%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03–0.22; I2=85.6%; P<0.001). Similarly, the pooled prevalence of stress was higher among mothers (ES, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31–0.51; I2= 93.9%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09–0.34; I2=85.2%; P<0.001). Conclusion NICU admission is more stressful for mothers than fathers and can affect mental health and quality of life. Mothers reported a higher pooled prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression than fathers, possibly attributable to their feelings about birthing a sick child

Prevention of cardiovascular disease in India: Barriers and opportunities for nursing

Currently, the nursing profession lacks specialized training, to be a part of preventive cardiovascular healthcare team. The article aims to describe the obstacles Indian nurses face in becoming active and valued members of the cardiovascular healthcare team and to propose solutions. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) imposes substantial and increasing physical, psychological, societal, and financial burdens. More emphasis needs to be placed on preventive measures, which should be made available and affordable in rural as well as urban areas. Nurses are well positioned to be leaders in these initiatives. However, nurses in India face numerous obstacles in providing optimal care, including a significant shortage of trained personnel. Nursing education at advanced levels needs to be standardized and should reflect core competencies. Appropriate use of nursing resources in CVD prevention can allow physicians to treat the sickest patients, reduce cost of care, and help relieve the human burden of morbidity and mortality due to CVD