FIDEL—a retrovirus-like retrotransposon and its distinct evolutionary histories in the A- and B-genome components of cultivated peanut

In this paper, we describe a Ty3-gypsy retrotransposon from allotetraploid peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and its putative diploid ancestors Arachis duranensis (A-genome) and Arachis ipaënsis (B-genome). The consensus sequence is 11,223 bp. The element, named FIDEL (Fairly long Inter-Dispersed Euchromatic LTR retrotransposon), is more frequent in the A- than in the B-genome, with copy numbers of about 3,000 (±950, A. duranensis), 820 (±480, A. ipaënsis), and 3,900 (±1,500, A. hypogaea) per haploid genome. Phylogenetic analysis of reverse transcriptase sequences showed distinct evolution of FIDEL in the ancestor species. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed disperse distribution in euchromatin and absence from centromeres, telomeric regions, and the nucleolar organizer region. Using paired sequences from bacterial artificial chromosomes, we showed that elements appear less likely to insert near conserved ancestral genes than near the fast evolving disease resistance gene homologs. Within the Ty3-gypsy elements, FIDEL is most closely related with the Athila/Calypso group of retrovirus-like retrotransposons. Putative transmembrane domains were identified, supporting the presence of a vestigial envelope gene. The results emphasize the importance of FIDEL in the evolution and divergence of different Arachis genomes and also may serve as an example of the role of retrotransposons in the evolution of legume genomes in general

HIV-1 subtypes in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

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Detection of HIV-1 resistance genotypes in patients from Tygerberg Hospital with treatment failure, by using an In-House- and a commercial resistance genotyping assay

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Detection of HIV-1 resistance genotypes in patients from Tygerberg Hospital with treatment failure, by using an In-House- and a commercial resistance genotyping assay

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HIV-1 genetic diversity in the Cape Metropole of South Africa, 2002 to 2004.

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Emergence of HIV-1 non subtype C viruses in Cape Town during 2000 to 2002.

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Molecular analysis of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in Cape Town, South Africa

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Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 non-subtype C viruses in Cape Town, South Africa.

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Molecular Diversity of HIV-1 during the begiining of the epidemic in South Africa 1984-1990

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A restricted HIV-1 subtype D epidemic in South Africa, 1984-1989

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