A survey of important decisions and settings needed for attaining a sustainable world

The main objective of the methodology to be presented is to find the most important decisions within the area of discussion. Focussing on the important decisions and in which environment they are taken gives an increased possibility of solving the problems in question. The analysis should cover decisions on all levels i.e. individual, informal and formal groupings of people, nations, group of nations as well as decisions on the global level. In this paper I will present some examples that could serve as an elucidation of the method. The goal of the method is to outline a system for a sustainable control of global renewable as well as non-renewable resources such as cultivable soil, water, fish, clean air, minerals, and oil. In order to handle the complexity of the problem the analysis must be limited to the most important factors in a long as well as short time view. A number of factors to be used in describing the methodology is presented.  In order to simplify the finding of the decisions influencing an analysis of sub-factors is necessary.  Decisions having an important influence on the above factors are presented and the information needed for making relevant decisions.  The next step in the analysis is to create a decision hierarchy and what organizations should be responsible for taking these decisions

Corporate Financing in Great Britain

Background: The antifungal compound ketoconazole has, in addition to its ability to interfere with fungal ergosterol synthesis, effects upon other enzymes including human CYP3A4, CYP17, lipoxygenase and thromboxane synthetase. In the present study, we have investigated whether ketoconazole affects the cellular uptake and hydrolysis of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand anandamide (AEA). Methodology/Principal Findings: The effects of ketoconazole upon endocannabinoid uptake were investigated using HepG2, CaCo2, PC-3 and C6 cell lines. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity was measured in HepG2 cell lysates and in intact C6 cells. Ketoconazole inhibited the uptake of AEA by HepG2 cells and CaCo2 cells with IC50 values of 17 and 18 mu M, respectively. In contrast, it had modest effects upon AEA uptake in PC-3 cells, which have a low expression of FAAH. In cell-free HepG2 lysates, ketoconazole inhibited FAAH activity with an IC50 value (for the inhibitable component) of 34 mu M. Conclusions/Significance: The present study indicates that ketoconazole can inhibit the cellular uptake of AEA at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, primarily due to its effects upon FAAH. Ketoconazole may be useful as a template for the design of dual-action FAAH/CYP17 inhibitors as a novel strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer

Correlation-induced conductance suppression at level degeneracy in a quantum dot

The large, level-dependent g-factors in an InSb nanowire quantum dot allow for the occurrence of a variety of level crossings in the dot. While we observe the standard conductance enhancement in the Coulomb blockade region for aligned levels with different spins due to the Kondo effect, a vanishing of the conductance is found at the alignment of levels with equal spins. This conductance suppression appears as a canyon cutting through the web of direct tunneling lines and an enclosed Coulomb blockade region. In the center of the Coulomb blockade region, we observe the predicted correlation-induced resonance, which now turns out to be part of a larger scenario. Our findings are supported by numerical and analytical calculations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

The transition from the adiabatic to the sudden limit in core level photoemission: A model study of a localized system

We consider core electron photoemission in a localized system, where there is a charge transfer excitation. The system is modelled by three electron levels, one core level and two outer levels. The model has a Coulomb interaction between these levels and the continuum states into which the core electron is emitted. The model is simple enough to allow an exact numerical solution, and with a separable potential an analytic solution. We calculate the ratio r(omega) between the weights of the satellite and the main peak as a function of the photon energy omega. The transition from the adiabatic to the sudden limit takes place for quite small photoelectron kinetic energies. For such small energies, the variation of the dipole matrix element is substantial and described by the energy scale Ed. Without the coupling to the photoelectron, the corresponding ratio r0(omega) is determined by Ed and the satellite excitation energy dE. When the interaction potential with the continuum states is introduced, a new energy scale Es=1/(2Rs^2) enters, where Rs is a length scale of the interaction potential. At threshold there is typically a (weak) constructive interference between intrinsic and extrinsic contributions, and the ratio r(omega)/r0(omega) is larger than its limiting value for large omega. The interference becomes small or weakly destructive for photoelectron energies of the order Es. For larger energies r(omega)/r0(omega) therefore typically has a weak undershoot. If this undershoot is neglected, r(omega)/r0(omega) reaches its limiting value on the energy scale Es.Comment: 18 pages, latex2e, 13 eps figure

Long-Term Multiwavelength Studies of High-Redshift Blazar 0836+710

Aims. The observation of gamma -ray flares from blazar 0836+710 in 2011, following a period of quiescence, offered an opportunity to study correlated activity at different wavelengths for a high-redshift (z=2.218) active galactic nucleus. Methods. Optical and radio monitoring, plus Fermi-LAT gamma-ray monitoring provided 2008-2012 coverage, while Swift offered auxiliary optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray information. Other contemporaneous observations were used to construct a broad-band spectral energy distribution. Results. There is evidence of correlation but not a measurable lag between the optical and gamma-ray flaring emission. On the contrary, there is no clear correlation between radio and gamma-ray activity, indicating radio emission regions that are unrelated to the parts of the jet that produce the gamma-rays. The gamma-ray energy spectrum is unusual in showing a change of shape from a power law to a curved spectrum when going from the quiescent state to the active state.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in A&

Geometry of Entanglement Sudden Death: Explicit Examples

In open quantum systems, entanglement can vanish faster than coherence. This phenomenon is usually called sudden death of entanglement. In [M. O. Terra Cunha, New J. Phys. 9, 237 (2007)] a geometrical explanation was offered and a classification of all possible scenarios was given. Some classes were exemplified, but it was still an open question whether there were examples for the other ones. This was solved in [R.C. Drumond and M.O. Terra Cunha, arXiv:0809.4445v1]. Here we briefly review the problem, state our results in a precise way, discuss the generality of the approach, and add some speculative desirable generalizations.Comment: Contribution written to the Procceedings of 5th Vaxjo Conference on Foundations of Probability and Physic