10,814 research outputs found
Minority Economic Development: The Problem of Business Failures
Inflammatory pseudotumour is a rare condition that can affect various organs. The clinical and histologic appearance of the pseudotumour may mimic haematological, lymphoproliferative, paraneoplastic or malignant processes. A previously healthy 39-year-old man presented with nephrotic syndrome. He had a history of headaches, nausea and swollen ankles. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a 6-cm mass in the spleen. Following a renal biopsy, a diagnosis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type I was made. Splenectomy was performed and the examination revealed a mixed population of lymphocytes with predominantly T-cells, B-cells and lymphoplasmacytoid cells. Immunostaining confirmed that the small cells were mostly T-cells positive for all T-cell markers including CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7 and CD8. A diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumour was established. The removal of the spleen was followed by remission of glomerulonephritis, but it was complicated by a subphrenic abscess and pneumonia. This association between an inflammatory pseudotumour of the spleen and MPGN has not been previously described. Abnormal immune response due to the inflammation leading to secondary glomerulonephritis might be the main pathogenic mechanism
Reply to Comment on "A local realist model for correlations of the singlet state"
The general conclusion of Seevinck and Larsson is that our model exploits the
so-called coincidence-time loophole and produces sinusoidal (quantum-like)
correlations but does not model the singlet state because it does not violate
the relevant Bell inequality derived by Larsson and Gill, since in order to
obtain the sinusoidal correlations the probability of coincidences in our model
goes to zero. In this reply, we refute their arguments that lead to this
conclusion and demonstrate that our model can reproduce results of photon and
ion-trap experiments with frequencies of coincidences that are not in conflict
with the observations.Comment: Corrected typo
Minimum detection efficiency for a loophole-free atom-photon Bell experiment
In Bell experiments, one problem is to achieve high enough photodetection to
ensure that there is no possibility of describing the results via a local
hidden-variable model. Using the Clauser-Horne inequality and a two-photon
non-maximally entangled state, a photodetection efficiency higher than 0.67 is
necessary. Here we discuss atom-photon Bell experiments. We show that, assuming
perfect detection efficiency of the atom, it is possible to perform a
loophole-free atom-photon Bell experiment whenever the photodetection
efficiency exceeds 0.50.Comment: REVTeX4, 4 pages, 1 figur
An M-theory solution generating technique and SL(2,R)
In this paper we generalize the O(p+1,p+1) solution generating technique
(this is a method used to deform Dp-branes by turning on a NS-NS B-field) to
M-theory, in order to be able to deform M5-brane supergravity solutions
directly in eleven dimensions, by turning on a non zero three form A. We find
that deforming the M5-brane, in some cases, corresponds to performing certain
SL(2,R) transformations of the Kahler structure parameter for the three-torus,
on which the M5-brane has been compactified. We show that this new M-theory
solution generating technique can be reduced to the O(p+1,p+1) solution
generating technique with p=4. Further, we find that it implies that the open
membrane metric and generalized noncommutativity parameter are manifestly
deformation independent for electric and light-like deformations. We also
generalize the O(p+1,p+1) method to the type IIA/B NS5-brane in order to be
able to deform NS5-branes with RR three and two forms, respectively. In the
type IIA case we use the newly obtained solution generating technique and
deformation independence to derive a covariant expression for an open D2-brane
coupling, relevant for OD2-theory.Comment: 24 pages, Latex. v2:Sections 3.2 and 3.3 improved. v3:Some
clarifications added. Version published in JHE
Violation of local realism vs detection efficiency
We put bounds on the minimum detection efficiency necessary to violate local
realism in Bell experiments. These bounds depends of simple parameters like the
number of measurement settings or the dimensionality of the entangled quantum
state. We derive them by constructing explicit local-hidden variable models
which reproduce the quantum correlations for sufficiently small detectors
efficiency.Comment: 6 pages, revtex. Modifications in the discussion for many parties in
section 3, small erros and typos corrected, conclusions unchange
Strict detector-efficiency bounds for n-site Clauser-Horne inequalities
An analysis of detector-efficiency in many-site Clauser-Horne inequalities is
presented, for the case of perfect visibility. It is shown that there is a
violation of the presented n-site Clauser-Horne inequalities if and only if the
efficiency is greater than n/(2n-1). Thus, for a two-site two-setting
experiment there are no quantum-mechanical predictions that violate local
realism unless the efficiency is greater than 2/3. Secondly, there are n-site
experiments for which the quantum-mechanical predictions violate local realism
whenever the efficiency exceeds 1/2.Comment: revtex, 5 pages, 1 figure (typesetting changes only
Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Among Offspring
Importance: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have been associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, but the role of familial confounding in these associations is unclear. Objective: To investigate associations of maternal HDP with risks in offspring of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability (ID), as well as variation in overall cognitive performance in offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants: This Swedish register-based study used data from a birth cohort divided into 1 085 024 individuals born between 1987 and 1996 and followed up until December 31, 2014, and 285 901 men born between 1982 and 1992 who attended assessments for military conscription, including a cognitive function test. Statistical analysis was performed from April 1, 2019, to June 1, 2020. Exposures: Diagnoses of HDP, which were provided by the Medical Birth Register. Main Outcomes and Measures: Diagnoses of ASDs, ADHD, and ID were extracted from the National Patient Register. Cognitive function was assessed using written tests and summarized as a single 9-point score. Whole-cohort and within-sibship analyses were performed; the latter accounted for unmeasured familial confounding factors shared by siblings. Results: The study included 1 085 024 individuals (556 912 male participants [51.3%]) born between 1987 and 1996 and 285 901 men born between 1982 and 1992 who attended assessments for military conscription. The prevalence of maternal HDP was 4.0% in the 1987-1996 birth cohort (n = 42 980) and 5.1% in the military conscription cohort (n = 14 515). A total of 15 858 participants received a diagnosis of ASD, 36 852 received a diagnosis of ADHD, and 8454 received a diagnosis of ID. The mean (SD) cognitive score among the men in the conscription cohort was 5.1 (1.9). In whole-cohort analyses with multivariable adjustment, HDP were associated with offspring ASDs (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% CI, 1.13-1.31), ADHD (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16), and ID (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.27-1.53). Analyses comparing siblings discordant for HDP were less statistically powered but indicated estimates of similar magnitude for ASDs (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00-1.42) and possibly ADHD (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.95-1.24), but not for ID (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83-1.29). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were associated with somewhat lower cognitive scores in whole-cohort analysis (mean difference comparing offspring exposed with those unexposed, -0.10; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.07), but in within-sibship analysis, the association was null (mean difference, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.08). Conclusions and Relevance: The study results suggest that HDP are associated with small increased risks of ASDs and possibly ADHD in offspring, whereas associations with ID and cognitive performance are likely confounded by shared familial (environmental or genetic) factors
Tuning the electrically evaluated electron Lande g factor in GaAs quantum dots and quantum wells of different well widths
We evaluate the Lande g factor of electrons in quantum dots (QDs) fabricated
from GaAs quantum well (QW) structures of different well width. We first
determine the Lande electron g factor of the QWs through resistive detection of
electron spin resonance and compare it to the enhanced electron g factor
determined from analysis of the magneto-transport. Next, we form laterally
defined quantum dots using these quantum wells and extract the electron g
factor from analysis of the cotunneling and Kondo effect within the quantum
dots. We conclude that the Lande electron g factor of the quantum dot is
primarily governed by the electron g factor of the quantum well suggesting that
well width is an ideal design parameter for g-factor engineering QDs
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