239 research outputs found

    Recensioner

    Get PDF

    A validated disease specific prediction equation for resting metabolic rate in underweight patients with COPD

    Get PDF
    Malnutrition is a serious condition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Successful dietary intervention calls for calculations of resting metabolic rate (RMR). One disease-specific prediction equation for RMR exists based on mainly male patients. To construct a disease-specific equation for RMR based on measurements in underweight or weight-losing women and men with COPD, RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry in 30 women and 11 men with a diagnosis of COPD and body mass index <21 kg/m2. The following variables, possibly influencing RMR were measured: length, weight, middle upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance, lung function, and markers of inflammation. Relations between RMR and measured variables were studied using univariate analysis according to Pearson. Gender and variables that were associated with RMR with a P value <0.15 were included in a forward multiple regression analysis. The best-fit multiple regression equation included only fat-free mass (FFM): RMR (kJ/day) = 1856 + 76.0 FFM (kg). To conclude, FFM is the dominating factor influencing RMR. The developed equation can be used for prediction of RMR in underweight COPD patients

    Ny modell för utveckling inom svensk potatisproduktion

    Get PDF
    Syftet med projektet var att fĂ„ till stĂ„nd en regional Erfa-DDU-grupp i VĂ€stskĂ„ne dĂ€r Erfa stĂ„r för erfarenhetsutbyte och DDU stĂ„r för DeltagarDrivenUtveckling. Syftet med sĂ„dana grupper Ă€r att effektivisera svensk potatisodling genom att öka kopplingen mellan forskning, utveckling, odling och rĂ„dgivning. MĂ„len formulerades som fem punkter innefattande lĂ„ngsiktighet, gemenskap,förbĂ€ttrad kontroll över informationsflöden, ökad sjĂ€lvtillit, ökad grad av tillĂ€mpning, vidareutveckling och/eller bortsĂ„llning av ny teknik, ökad effekt av allmĂ€nrĂ„dgivning och massinformation. Ett antal mĂ€tbara indikatorer formulerades för att följa upp mĂ„len. En grupp med industripotatisodlare har arbetat inom ramen för detta projekt under 2013 och 2014. TrĂ€ffarna har följt faserna för kontinuerligt lĂ€rande med Ă„terkommande cykler av sök-, planerings-, genomförande och utvĂ€rderingsfaser. Enkla odlarexperiment genomfördes i 15 fĂ€lt (rörande K-gödsling, djupluckring, radmyllning och mellangrödor). DĂ€rtill provades markfuktssensorer och en prognosmodell för bevattningsbehov samt bladskaftsanalys för att skapa en tidsserie av N- och K-innehĂ„llet i bladsaften. Resultat frĂ„n odlarexperiment har tillsammans med ”vanliga” erfarenheter frĂ„n Ă„rets odling legat till grund för dialog inom gruppen vid Ă„rets sista trĂ€ff. I en utvĂ€rdering uppgav deltagarna att de i medeltal hade funnit 2,8 Ă„tgĂ€rder/gĂ„rd som de provat och 2,9 som de börjat reflektera över sedan de gick med i Erfa-DDU – alltsĂ„ sammanlagt 5,7 Ă„tgĂ€rder per gĂ„rd. Av Ă„tgĂ€rderna klassades 51 % som en Ă„tgĂ€rd som sĂ€kert eller troligen skulle komma att tillĂ€mpas fortsĂ€ttningsvis eller inom nĂ„gra Ă„r, 31 % behövde utvĂ€rderas mera, 9 % utvecklas mera och 9 % klassades som â€Ă„tgĂ€rden Ă€r inte intressant för mig”. Andelen deltagare som provade nĂ„got nytt var 80 % och ökade frĂ„n 2013 till 2014. Det deltagarna vĂ€rdesatte mest i projektet var: utbyte av erfarenheter; hjĂ€lp att utvĂ€rdera experiment; utbyte med HushĂ„llningssĂ€llskapet, Lyckeby Starch och SLU; att det görs nĂ„got i fĂ€lt med följande Ă„terkoppling; att hela biten Ă€r med frĂ„n teori till praktik; att fĂ„ reda pĂ„ om ny teknik (t ex om markfuktsmĂ€tning etc.); erfarenhetsutbyte pĂ„ detaljnivĂ„; att fĂ„ materialet i skrift: bĂ„de odlingsjournaler och experimentresultat; att ge forskare möjlighet att vara med ibland: inte bara för att dela med sig av sin kunskap utan Ă€ven för att fĂ„ möjlighet att vara med i gruppdialogen kring sitt intresseomrĂ„de. Flera punkter i deltagarnas listning av vad som var de viktigaste komponenterna i arbetssĂ€ttet pekar pĂ„ att arbetssĂ€ttet gett en ökad kĂ€nsla av kontroll över informationsflödet. Erfa-DDU-verksamheten tycks genom sin metodologi med en kombination av teori och praktiska enkla odlarexperiment pĂ„ deltagarnas villkor, ha verkat i önskad riktning dvs. stimulerat till att öka graden av tillĂ€mpning, sĂ„llat bort förslag som inte var relevanta för det enskilda företaget samt stimulerat till vidareutveckling av idĂ©er. Projektets mĂ„l har i huvudsak uppnĂ„tts och det finns ett intresse bland deltagarna att fortsĂ€tta verksamheten. Vi hoppas att Erfa-DDU som arbetsĂ€tt i framtiden ska ses som en naturlig plattform för kontinuerlig kunskapsutveckling kring potatisodling. Om detta ska bli möjligt krĂ€vs en hĂ„llbar finansiering - finansering genom odlaravgifter Ă€r inte tillrĂ€cklig. Projektet Ă€r kopplat till det större SLF-finansierade forskningsprojektet BoT-A (Biologi och Biologi och Teknik för förbĂ€ttrad markanvĂ€ndning i potatisodling – Aktörssamverkan – för hĂ„llbar kunskapsutveckling). Lyckeby Starch har varit föregĂ„ngare genom att vĂ„ga satsa pĂ„ det nya arbetssĂ€ttet och har haft fem Erfa-DDU-grupper igĂ„ng sedan 2009-2010. Hela verksamheten kommer att utvĂ€rderas ur ett samhĂ€llsvetenskapligt perspektiv av SLU’s nya kompetenscentrum för rĂ„dgivning (KCR) i Skara

    The role of bacteria in lactational mastitis and some considerations of the use of antibiotic treatment

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The role of bacterial pathogens in lactational mastitis remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare bacterial species in breast milk of women with mastitis and of healthy breast milk donors and to evaluate the use of antibiotic therapy, the symptoms of mastitis, number of health care contacts, occurrence of breast abscess, damaged nipples and recurrent symptoms in relation to bacterial counts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this descriptive study, breast milk from 192 women with mastitis (referred to as cases) and 466 breast milk donors (referred to as controls) was examined bacteriologically and compared using analytical statistics. Statistical analyses were also carried out to test for relationships between bacteriological content and clinical symptoms as measured on scales, prescription of antibiotics, the number of care contacts, occurrence of breast abscess and recurring symptoms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Five main bacterial species were found in both cases and controls: coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), viridans streptococci, <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>(<it>S. aureus</it>), Group B streptococci (GBS) and <it>Enterococcus faecalis</it>. More women with mastitis had <it>S. aureus </it>and GBS in their breast milk than those without symptoms, although 31% of healthy women harboured <it>S. aureus </it>and 10% had GBS. There were no significant correlations between bacterial counts and the symptoms of mastitis as measured on scales. There were no differences in bacterial counts between those prescribed and not prescribed antibiotics or those with and without breast abscess. GBS in breast milk was associated with increased health care contacts (p = 0.02). Women with ≄ 10<sup>7 </sup>cfu/L CNS or viridans streptococci in their breast milk had increased odds for damaged nipples (p = 0.003).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Many healthy breastfeeding women have potentially pathogenic bacteria in their breast milk. Increasing bacterial counts did not affect the clinical manifestation of mastitis; thus bacterial counts in breast milk may be of limited value in the decision to treat with antibiotics as results from bacterial culture of breast milk may be difficult to interpret. These results suggest that the division of mastitis into infective or non-infective forms may not be practically feasible. Daily follow-up to measure the subsidence of symptoms can help detect those in need of antibiotics.</p

    Parents' experiences of an abnormal ultrasound examination - vacillating between emotional confusion and sense of reality

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An ultrasound examination is an important confirmation of the pregnancy and is accepted without reflection to any prenatal diagnostic aspects. An abnormal finding often comes unexpectedly and is a shock for the parents. The aim was to generate a theoretical understanding of parents' experiences of the situation when their fetus is found to have an abnormality at a routine ultrasound examination.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixteen parents, mothers and fathers, whose fetus had been diagnosed with an abnormality during an ultrasound scan in the second or third trimester, were interviewed. The study employed a grounded theory approach.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The core category <it>vacillating between the emotional confusion and sense of reality </it>is related to the main concern <it>assessment of the diagnosis impact on the well-being of the fetus</it>. Two other categories <it>Entering uncertainty </it>and <it>Involved in an ongoing change and adaptation </it>have each five sub-categories.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Parents are aware of that ultrasound examination is a tool for identifying abnormalities prenatally. The information about the abnormality initially results in broken expectations and anxiety. Parents become involved in ongoing change and adaptation. They need information about the ultrasound findings and the treatment without prolonged delay and in a suitable environment. The examiner who performs the ultrasound examination must be aware of how anxiety can be intensified by environmental factors. All parents should to be offered a professional person to give them <it>s</it>upport as a part of the routine management of this situation.</p
    • 

    corecore