4,084 research outputs found
Nonmolecular nature of nitric-oxide-inhibited thermal decomposition of n-butane
The thermal decomposition of most organic molecules is generally accepted to occur at least in part via a free radical chain process. Since Hinshelwood and Staveley (1) discovered that small additions of nitric oxide reduced the rate of thermal decomposition, there has been much controversy (2) concerning the nature of the “residual” reaction remaining after further additions of inhibitor produce no further decrease in rate. Jach, Stubbs, and Hinshelwood (3) have shown this limiting rate to be independent of the inhibitor used and attribute this residual reaction to a nonchain molecular process in which the parent molecule breaks up, in a single step, into stable products
Resource management and the effects of trade on vulnerable places and people : lessons from six case studies
Lessons from six case studies illustrate the complex relationships between international trade, vulnerable ecologies and the poor. The studies, taken from Africa, Asia and Latin America and conducted by local researchers, are set in places where the poor live in close proximity to ecologies that are important to global conservation efforts, and focus on the cascading consequences of trade policy for local livelihoods and environmental services. Collectively, the studies show how under-valued common resources are often poorly protected and consequently subject to shifting economic incentives, including those that arise from trade. The studies provide examples where trade works to accelerate the use of natural resources and to exacerbate unsustainable dependencies by the poor, and other examples where trade has the opposite effect. An important conclusion is that local livelihood and technology choices have important consequences for how environmental resources are used and should be taken into account when designing policies to safeguard fragile ecologies.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Emerging Markets,Labor Policies,Population Policies
Total Economic Values of Increasing Gray Whale Populations: Results from a Contingent Valuation Survey of Visitors and Households
The consistency of an individual's willingness to pay (WTP) responses for increases in the quantity of an environmental public good (whale populations) is tested along three lines. First, we test whether WTP for 50% and 100% increases in whale populations are statistically different from zero. Second, we ask whether the incremental WTP from a 50% increase to a 100% increase is statistically significant. Finally, we test whether there is diminishing marginal valuation of the second 50% increment in gray whale populations. The paired t-tests on open-ended WTP responses supported all three sets of hypotheses. Both visitors and households provided WTP responses that were statistically different from zero and increased (but in a diminishing fashion) for the second increment in WTP. In this survey both visitors and households provided estimates of total economic value (including non-use or existence values) for large changes in wildlife/fishery resources that were consistent with consumer theory.Existence value, contingent valuation, gray whale, California, willingness to pay, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
The equality of 3-manifold invariants
The invariants of 3-manifolds defined by Kuperberg for involutory Hopf
algebras and those defined by the authors for spherical Hopf algebras are the
same for Hopf algebras on which they are both defined.Comment: 8 pages, definition of state sum invariant improved for clarity, plus
minor typos corrected. With 3 postscript figures. further change: BoxedEPSF
macro now include
Alien Registration- Larson, John (Paris, Oxford County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21235/thumbnail.jp
TESTING SIGNIFICANCE OF MULTI-DESTINATION AND MULTI-PURPOSE TRIP EFFECTS IN A TRAVEL COST METHOD DEMAND MODEL FOR WHALE WATCHING TRIPS
Inclusion of multi-destination and multi-purpose visitors has an appreciable influence on a standard count data travel cost model derived estimate of willingness to pay but the differences are not statistically significant. We adapt a more general travel cost model (TCM) of Parsons and Wilson (1997) that allows for inclusion of multi-destination visitors as incidental demand to allow estimation of an unbiased measure of single and multi-destination willingness to pat for whale viewing using a single pooled equation. The primary purpose trip values from the standard TCM and simple generalized TCM model are identical at 50 day value from a generalized model that distinguishes between joint and incidental trips. The general models avoid underestimation of total recreation site benefits that would result from omitting the consumer surplus of multi-destination visitors.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
Linear growth of spiral SASI modes in core-collapse supernovae
Two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations have shown that the post-bounce
accretion shock in core collapse supernovae is subject to the Spherical
Accretion Shock Instability, or SASI. Recent three-dimensional simulations have
revealed the existence of a non-axisymmetric mode of the SASI as well, where
the postshock flow displays a spiral pattern. Here we investigate the growth of
these spiral modes using two-dimensional simulations of the post-bounce
accretion flow in the equatorial plane of a core-collapse supernova. By
perturbing a steady-state model we are able to excite both one, two and
three-armed spiral modes that grow exponentially with time, demonstrating that
these are linearly unstable modes closely related to the original axisymmetric
sloshing modes. By tracking the distribution of angular momentum, we show that
these modes are able to efficiently separate the angular momentum of the
accretion flow (which maintains a net angular momentum of zero), leading to a
significant spin-up of the underlying accreting proto-neutron star.Comment: To be published in The Astrophysical Journa
Race and Representation in Congress: The Color of Constituencies
The topic of race, redistricting, and minority representation in Congress has emerged as one of the most salient issues in contemporary political thought. The creation of so‑called majority minority districts has been attacked as unfair and racially polarizing by some observers and ultimately struck down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. The study of race in relation to American politics and institutions, and, in particular, to the institution of Congress, has produced a wealth of research and literature in recent years. This scope of budding research ranges from legislative activity and Congressional voting to the electoral process and campaigning. This study examines the effects of race in Congressional elections and campaigning, and will be primarily focused on constituent relationships with members of the House of Representatives. Through this research, a better understanding of the differences in constituent relationships and engagement between African American House members and their Caucasian colleagues will be reached. Based on the current literature and prevailing scholarly attitudes, one could likely conclude that African American Congress members, on the whole, develop closer and more personal relationships with their constituents than do white representatives
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