Identification of CAR T Cell Critical Quality Attributes and Critical Process Parameters

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A Tool for Developing Questionnaire Content

CD-DIAL, a community survey unit at Iowa State University Extension, has developed a process for generating the content of data collection instruments such as surveys and focus groups. This participative process uses three statements and the knowledge of community or organization members to identify significant issues and collect useable data for program development, long range planning, and evaluation. The goal, the setting, a description of the three statements, and examples of typical outcomes are described

Decay of extremals of Morrey's inequality

We study the decay (at infinity) of extremals of Morrey's inequality in $\mathbb{R}^n$. These are functions satisfying $$\displaystyle \sup_{x\neq y}\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|}{|x-y|^{1-\frac{n}{p}}}= C(p,n)\|\nabla u\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)} ,$$ where $p>n$ and $C(p,n)$ is the optimal constant in Morrey's inequality. We prove that if $n \geq 2$ then any extremal has a power decay of order $\beta$ for any $$ \beta<-\frac13+\frac{2}{3(p-1)}+\sqrt{\left(-\frac13+\frac{2}{3(p-1)}\right)^2+\frac13}. $

Visitor Attitudes Toward and Support for Invasive Species Management at Cumberland Island National Seashore

Abstract Controlling invasive species has become a management priority on public lands across America. Although managers recognize the need for policies that minimize the impact of non-indigenous organisms, the extent to which the public supports these policies remains largely unknown. This study used an on-site intercept survey of visitors to Cumberland Island National Seashore, GA, (N = 1,166) to assess public attitudes toward invasive species. Based on responses, visitors were grouped into two main attitude categories: absolute ecocentric individuals (who believed all living things had a right to coexist) and adaptive ecocentric individuals (who acknowledged that some degree of control may be necessary to restore ecosystem integrity). Despite conflicting perspectives, members of both groups agreed that adaptive on-site management was the most acceptable and least controversial method of invasive species control. Future studies could build on this approach to identify stakeholder characteristics that help to predict invasive species management preferences

The development of a position-sensitive CZT detector with orthogonal co-planar anode strips

We report on the simulation, construction, and performance of prototype CdZnTe imaging detectors with orthogonal coplanar anode strips. These detectors employ a novel electrode geometry with non-collecting anode strips in one dimension and collecting anode pixels, interconnected in rows, in the orthogonal direction. These detectors retain the spectroscopic and detection efficiency advantages of single carrier (electron) sensing devices as well as the principal advantage of conventional strip detectors with orthogonal anode and cathode strips, i.e. an N×N array of imaging pixels are with only 2N electronic channels. Charge signals induced on the various electrodes of a prototype detector with 8×8 unit cells (1×1×5 mm3)are compared to the simulations. Results of position and energy resolution measurements are presented and discussed

Visitors’ Climate Change Beliefs & Perceptions of Climate-Sensitive Resources at Great Sand Dunes National Park

Abstract Ecological consequences associated with climate change are becoming increasingly noticeable in nature-based recreation areas. Research is therefore needed to better understand nature-based recreationists’ perceptions of, attitudes towards, and behavioral responses to climate change and resource impacts in parks. This study explored strategies for assessing and responding to visitor perceptions of climate change at Great Sand Dunes National Park (GRSA), Colorado. In the summer of 2011, researchers intercepted visitors at GRSD and invited them to complete an online questionnaire. Visitors reported strong beliefs that global climate change was currently happening, but less certainty regarding the belief that human activities are influencing climate. Studies such as this may provide information for interpreters and park staff regarding climate change, and increase visitors’ understanding of climate change. Future research could expand upon this exploratory study in an effort to inform resource management decisions and develop targeted climate change visitor education programs

Analog processing of signals from a CZT strip detector with orthogonal coplanar anodes

We present the requirements, design, and performance of an analog circuit for processing the non-collecting anode strip signals from a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) strip detector with orthogonal coplanar anodes. Detector signal simulations and measurements with a prototype are used to define the range of signal characteristics as a function of location of the gamma interaction in the detector. The signals from the non- collecting anode strip electrodes are used to define two of the three spatial coordinates including the depth of interaction, the z dimension. Analog signal processing options are discussed. A circuit to process the signals from the non- collecting anode strips and extract from them the depth of interaction is described. The circuit employs a time-over- threshold (TOT) measurement. The performance of the detector prototype with a preliminary version of this circuit is presented, and future development work is outlined

Progress in the study of CdZnTe strip detectors

We report new performance measurements and computer simulations of a sub-millimeter pitch CdZnTe strip detector under study as a prototype imaging spectrometer for astronomical x-ray and gamma-ray observations. The prototype is 1.5 mm thick with 375 micron strip pitch in both the x and y dimensions. Previously reported work included demonstrations of half-pitch spatial resolution (approximately 190 microns) and good energy resolution and spectral uniformity. Strip detector efficiency measurements have also been presented. A model that includes the photon interaction, carrier transport and the electronics was developed that qualitatively reproduced the measurements. The new studies include measurements of the CdZnTe transport properties for this prototype in an effort to resolve quantitative discrepancies between the measurements and the simulations. Measurements of charge signals produced by laser pulses and (alpha) -rays are used to determine these transport properties. These are then used in the model to predict gamma-ray efficiencies that are compared with the data. The imaging performance of the detector is studied by scanned laser and gamma beam spot measurements. The results support the model\u27s prediction of nearly linear sharing of the charge for interactions occurring in the region between electrodes. The potential for strip detectors with spatial resolution much finer than the strip pitch is demonstrated. A new design scheme for strip detectors is shortly discussed

IL-23 Induces Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation Instead of Psoriasis-Like Inflammation in CCR2-Deficient Mice

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of leukocytes into the dermis and epidermis. IL-23 is expressed in psoriatic skin, and IL-23 injected into the skin of mice produces IL-22-dependent dermal inflammation and acanthosis. The chemokine receptor CCR2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. CCR2-positive cells and the CCR2 ligand, CCL2 are abundant in psoriatic lesions. To examine the requirement of CCR2 in the development of IL-23-induced cutaneous inflammation, we injected the ears of wild-type (WT) and CCR2-deficient (CCR2−/−) mice with IL-23. CCR2−/− mice had increased ear swelling and epidermal thickening, which was correlated with increased cutaneous IL-4 levels and increased numbers of eosinophils within the skin. In addition, TSLP, a cytokine known to promote and amplify T helper cell type 2 (Th2) immune responses, was also increased within the inflamed skin of CCR2−/− mice. Our data suggest that increased levels of TSLP in CCR2−/− mice may contribute to the propensity of these mice to develop increased Th2-type immune responses