25,607 research outputs found
Low-energy enhancement of magnetic dipole radiation
Magnetic dipole strength functions have been deduced from averages of a large
number of transition strengths calculated within the shell model for the
nuclides Zr, Mo, Mo, and Mo. An enhancement of
strength toward low transition energy has been found for all nuclides
considered. Large strengths appear for transitions between close-lying
states with configurations including proton as well as neutron high- orbits
that re-couple their spins and add up their magnetic moments coherently. The
strength function deduced from the calculated transition strengths is
compatible with the low-energy enhancement found in (He,He') and
experiments. The present work presents for the first time an
explanation of the experimental findings
Null Strings in Schwarzschild Spacetime
The null string equations of motion and constraints in the Schwarzschild
spacetime are given. The solutions are those of the null geodesics of General
Relativity appended by a null string constraint in which the "constants of
motion" depend on the world-sheet spatial coordinate. Because of the extended
nature of a string, the physical interpretation of the solutions is completely
different from the point particle case. In particular, a null string is
generally not propagating in a plane through the origin, although each of its
individual points is. Some special solutions are obtained and their physical
interpretation is given. Especially, the solution for a null string with a
constant radial coordinate moving vertically from the south pole to the
north pole around the photon sphere, is presented. A general discussion of
classical null/tensile strings as compared to massless/massive particles is
given. For instance, tensile circular solutions with a constant radial
coordinate do not exist at all. The results are discussed in relation to
the previous literature on the subject.Comment: 16 pages, REVTEX, no figure
Novel Techniques for Constraining Neutron-Capture Rates Relevant for r-Process Heavy-Element Nucleosynthesis
The rapid-neutron capture process ( process) is identified as the producer
of about 50\% of elements heavier than iron. This process requires an
astrophysical environment with an extremely high neutron flux over a short
amount of time ( seconds), creating very neutron-rich nuclei that are
subsequently transformed to stable nuclei via decay. One key
ingredient to large-scale -process reaction networks is radiative
neutron-capture () rates, for which there exist virtually no data for
extremely neutron-rich nuclei involved in the process. Due to the current
status of nuclear-reaction theory and our poor understanding of basic nuclear
properties such as level densities and average -decay strengths,
theoretically estimated () rates may vary by orders of magnitude and
represent a major source of uncertainty in any nuclear-reaction network
calculation of -process abundances. In this review, we discuss new
approaches to provide information on neutron-capture cross sections and
reaction rates relevant to the process. In particular, we focus on
indirect, experimental techniques to measure radiative neutron-capture rates.
While direct measurements are not available at present, but could possibly be
realized in the future, the indirect approaches present a first step towards
constraining neutron-capture rates of importance to the process.Comment: 62 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in Progress in
Particle and Nuclear Physic
Evidence of a structural anomaly at 14 K in polymerised CsC60
We report the results of a high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder
diffraction study of polymerised CsC in the temperature range 4 to 40 K.
Its crystal structure is monoclinic (space group I2/m), isostructural with
RbC. Below 14 K, a spontaneous thermal contraction is observed along
both the polymer chain axis, and the interchain separation along [111],
. This structural anomaly could trigger the occurrence of the spin-singlet
ground state, observed by NMR at the same temperature.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitte
Analysis of data systems requirements for global crop production forecasting in the 1985 time frame
Data systems concepts that would be needed to implement the objective of the global crop production forecasting in an orderly transition from experimental to operational status in the 1985 time frame were examined. Information needs of users were converted into data system requirements, and the influence of these requirements on the formulation of a conceptual data system was analyzed. Any potential problem areas in meeting these data system requirements were identified in an iterative process
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