53 research outputs found
Identification of novel cytosolic thioredoxin-1 target proteins in mammalian cells by mechanism-based kinetic trapping
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to be locally produced after stimulation of various transmembrane receptors, including those for cytokines, growth factors and hormones. Transient ROS generation leads to the reversible oxidation of redox-sensitive proteins, which may either result in their transient activation or inactivation. Even though the role of ROS as a signal transducer is widely accepted, little is known about the identity of redox-sensitive proteins and the reduction mechanism by which they are re-generated. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is an oxidoreductase known to influence a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression. In higher plants and cyanobacteria different proteomic approaches allowed for the identification of various thioredoxin target proteins. However, no comprehensive study of Trx1 interactions in the cytosol of mammalian cells has been performed so far. In this thesis, mechanism-based kinetic trapping was applied to identify proteins forming mixed disulfide intermediates with Trx1 in the cytosol of a human T cell leukemia line. Most previously established target proteins of Trx1 could be identified, including ribonucleotide reductase, peroxiredoxins and annexin-2, thus confirming the validity of the approach. Interestingly, a substantial number of newly identified proteins currently lacks functional annotation, suggesting that several thioredoxin-regulated pathways still await initial characterization. Of those newly identified proteins with known function, a significant portion is associated with cell cycle control and regulation of apoptosis, while others participate in various signal transduction pathways, cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics, metabolism and transcriptional control. These results strongly support the long-held belief that Trx1 not only plays a role in ROS scavenging and reductive metabolism but is also extensively involved in interactions with key regulatory proteins associated with cellular behavior and fate. While Trx1-interactions are clearly pleiotropic in that they affect a variety of processes simultaneously, we have found strong evidence that they are nevertheless highly target specific. The newly identified Trx1 target proteins cdk6 and caspase-2 were selected for further study. For cdk6 the thioredoxin-interacting cysteine residue was identified and for caspase-2 redox regulation of activity by Trx1 could be demonstrated in vitro, lending further support to the biological relevance of Trx-based regulation
The Association of NOV/CCN3 With Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): Preliminary Evidence of a Novel Biomarker in OSA
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a strong association with cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities, although the mechanism driving this association is not well established. NOV/CCN3, a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein, may play a mechanistic and/or prognostic role in these associations. We hypothesized that patients with OSA, which primarily affects obese individuals, will have increased levels of NOV, and that NOV can serve as a biomarker in patients to predict OSA as well as metabolic and cardiac risk. Ten morbidly obese and 10 healthy lean subjects underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) and clinical evaluation. Blood samples were analyzed for NOV levels, adiponectin and IL-6. OSA was found in nine obese subjects and three lean subjects. NOV levels were significantly higher in the OSA vs. no OSA group (2.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.8, p \u3c 0.03). NOV levels were significantly higher in the obese vs. lean group (2.2 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.2-fold change, p \u3c 0.03). Among lean subjects, NOV levels were significantly higher in the OSA vs. no OSA group (2.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.4, p \u3c 0.05). NOV and AHI were positively correlated (rho = 0.49, p = 0.033). IL-6 and adiponectin differences in obese vs. lean and OSA vs. no OSA were consistent with an inflammatory phenotype in obese subjects and OSA subjects. NOV is a novel biomarker of the presence and severity of OSA and a potential marker of future cardiovascular and metabolic disease in OSA patients
High throughput surface structuring with ultrashort pulses in synchronized mode with fast polygon line scanner
High precision laser micromachining requires an exact synchronization of the laser pulse train with the mechanical axes of the motion system to ensure for each single pulse a precise control of the laser spot position - on the target. For ultra short pulsed laser systems this was already demonstrated with a conventional two-axis galvanometer scanner. But this solution is limited by the scanner architecture to a marking speed of about 10m/s with a maximum scan line length of about 100mm. It is therefore not suited for average powers far beyond 10W when working at the optimum point with highest removal rate and machining quality is desired. A way to overcome this limitation is offered by polygon line scanners which are able to realize much higher lateral speeds at large scan line lengths.
In this work we will report on the results with a polygon line scanner having a maximum moving spot velocity of 100m/s, a scan line length of 170mm, spot diameters of 45”m (1064nm) and 22”m (532nm) together with a 50W, 10-ps laser system. The precise control of the laser spot position i.e. the synchronization is realized via the new SuperSyncTM technology. Decoating, perforation and 3D patterning will act as benchmark processes to evaluate this scanning technology
Laser surface structuring with 100W of average power and sub-ps pulses
High throughput still represents a key factor for industrial use of ultrashort pulses in the ïŹeld of surface structuring. Reliable systems with average powers up to 100W are today available. It has already been proved that metals, especially steel having a low threshold ïŹuence, can be machined with excellent surface quality at average powers of more than 40W and a spot radius of about 25lm, if a polygon line scanner, offering fast scanning speeds, is used. A further scale-up into the 100W regime should be possible for metals showing a threshold ïŹuence of about 0.2 J/cm2 or higher. But, it will lead to problems with heat accumulation in the case of steel and a straight forward scale-up is not possible. In order to keep a good surface quality, the machining strategy has to be adapted. A maximum ïŹexibility can be obtained with an âinterlacedâ mode by using very high marking speeds of several 100m/s and repetition rates of several tenths of MHz. As this is at the edge of today available technologies, alternative strategies are additionally investigated. Enlarging the spot size represents the most simple approach to reduce the heat accumulation in the case of steel but also multispots represent an attractive alternative
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ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐŒ ŃазЎДлД ĐŽĐ°ĐœŃ ŃĐ°ŃŃŃŃŃ Đž ĐżĐŸŃŃĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐŸĐ±Đ”ŃпДŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃĐ”Đ±ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐč, Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃŃ
ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃŃŃĐșŃĐŸŃĐŸĐŒ. Đ ĐșĐ°ŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐ” Đ·Đ°ĐłĐŸŃĐŸĐČĐșĐž ĐČŃбŃĐ°Đœ ĐșŃŃглŃĐč ĐżŃĐŸĐșĐ°Ń Đ°Đ»ŃĐŒĐžĐœĐžĐ”ĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃплаĐČĐ° Đ16Đą. Đ ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃŃŃĐșŃĐŸŃŃĐșĐŸĐŒ ŃазЎДлД ŃĐżŃĐŸĐ”ĐșŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐŸ ĐżŃĐžŃĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ŃĐČĐ”ŃĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŸŃĐČĐ”ŃŃŃĐžĐč. Đ ŃĐșĐŸĐœĐŸĐŒĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐŒ ŃазЎДлД ĐČŃĐżĐŸĐ»ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ°ŃŃŃŃ ŃŃĐŸĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃĐž ĐŽĐ”ŃалО. Đ ŃазЎДлД ŃĐŸŃОалŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐŸŃĐČĐ”ŃŃŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸŃŃĐž Đž Đ±Đ”Đ·ĐŸĐżĐ°ŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐž Đ¶ĐžĐ·ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”ŃŃДлŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐżŃĐžĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃ ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐœŃĐ” ŃŃĐ”Đ±ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń Đ±Đ”Đ·ĐŸĐżĐ°ŃĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐŸŃĐ° Đ·Đ° ŃŃĐ°ĐœĐșĐŸĐŒ.This work is devoted to creation of technological process of the part "engine bracket" and consist of 4 parts. The first part is considering sequence of machining workpiece, calculation of operational time and cutting conditions. The second part is devoted to special device, which helps drilling accurate holes. The third and the forth parts are economical (where counting of the price is making) and social responsibility (where norms of pollution for workers and environment are calculated)
Single-laser 32.5 Tbit/s Nyquist WDM transmission
We demonstrate 32.5 Tbit/s 16QAM Nyquist WDM transmission over a total length
of 227 km of SMF-28 without optical dispersion compensation. A number of 325
optical carriers are derived from a single laser and encoded with
dual-polarization 16QAM data using sinc-shaped Nyquist pulses. As we use no
guard bands, the carriers have a spacing of 12.5 GHz equal to the Nyquist
bandwidth of the data. We achieve a high net spectral efficiency of 6.4
bit/s/Hz using a software-defined transmitter which generates the electrical
modulator drive signals in real-time.Comment: (c) 2012 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may
be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution,
duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial
purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibite
Multidisciplinary care planning in the primary care management of completed stroke: a systematic review
Background: Chronic disease management requires input from multiple health professionals, both specialist and primary care providers. This study sought to assess the impact of co-ordinated multidisciplinary care in primary care, represented by the delivery of formal care planning by primary care teams or shared across primary-secondary teams, on outcomes in stroke, relative to usual care
Selective redox regulation of cytokine receptor signaling by extracellular thioredoxin-1
The thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is known to be secreted by leukocytes and to exhibit cytokine-like properties. Extracellular effects of Trx1 require a functional active site, suggesting a redox-based mechanism of action. However, specific cell surface proteins and pathways coupling extracellular Trx1 redox activity to cellular responses have not been identified so far. Using a mechanism-based kinetic trapping technique to identify disulfide exchange interactions on the intact surface of living lymphocytes, we found that Trx1 catalytically interacts with a single principal target protein. This target protein was identified as the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 (TNFRSF8/CD30). We demonstrate that the redox interaction is highly specific for both Trx1 and CD30 and that the redox state of CD30 determines its ability to engage the cognate ligand and transduce signals. Furthermore, we confirm that Trx1 affects CD30-dependent changes in lymphocyte effector function. Thus, we conclude that receptorâligand signaling interactions can be selectively regulated by an extracellular redox catalyst
Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study
BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8âmlâkg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500âml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] mlâkg-1 PBW, Pâ<â0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), Pâ<â0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223
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Protective intraoperative ventilation with higher versus lower levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in obese patients (PROBESE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) increase the morbidity and mortality of surgery in obese patients. High levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with lung recruitment maneuvers may improve intraoperative respiratory function, but they can also compromise hemodynamics, and the effects on PPCs are uncertain. We hypothesized that intraoperative mechanical ventilation using high PEEP with periodic recruitment maneuvers, as compared with low PEEP without recruitment maneuvers, prevents PPCs in obese patients. Methods/design The PRotective Ventilation with Higher versus Lower PEEP during General Anesthesia for Surgery in OBESE Patients (PROBESE) study is a multicenter, two-arm, international randomized controlled trial. In total, 2013 obese patients with body mass index â„35 kg/m2 scheduled for at least 2 h of surgery under general anesthesia and at intermediate to high risk for PPCs will be included. Patients are ventilated intraoperatively with a low tidal volume of 7 ml/kg (predicted body weight) and randomly assigned to PEEP of 12 cmH2O with lung recruitment maneuvers (high PEEP) or PEEP of 4 cmH2O without recruitment maneuvers (low PEEP). The occurrence of PPCs will be recorded as collapsed composite of single adverse pulmonary events and represents the primary endpoint. Discussion To our knowledge, the PROBESE trial is the first multicenter, international randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of two different levels of intraoperative PEEP during protective low tidal volume ventilation on PPCs in obese patients. The results of the PROBESE trial will support anesthesiologists in their decision to choose a certain PEEP level during general anesthesia for surgery in obese patients in an attempt to prevent PPCs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02148692. Registered on 23 May 2014; last updated 7 June 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1929-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
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