The phylogeny of basal archosaurs

Archosaur systematics has received much attention from the mid 1970s and several influential works on this topic have emerged. As discrepancy exists among proposed phylogenies, some of the most important of the papers in question are assessed here. Characters used in cladistic analysis have often been selected too uncritically or phrased too vaguely to be of diagnostic value, and previously used, seemingly valid apomorphies have been disregarded by later workers, sometimes for no apparent reason. In the present paper a character matrix for the Archosauria was assembled by critically incorporating, and often modifying, characters used in earlier works on archosaur systematics. A phylogeny resulting from cladistic analysis of the matrix compiled here supports the monophyly of Archosauria, Crown-group Archosauria Crurotarsi, Ornithodira, Dinosauromorpha and Dinosauria, and disputes the existence of Suchia less Ornithosuchidae and of a monophyletic Crocodylotarsi. A new taxon, Dromaeosuchia, is erected for a clade consisting of Ornithosuchidae, Crocodylomorpha and Gracilisuchus plus Postosuchus

Numerical study of high impedance T-match antennas for terahertz photomixers

This paper outlines an efficient numerical method to design terahertz photomixers. The simulations are benchmarked using measured power levels from results published in the literature. Next, the method is applied to two new photomixer designs based on the high impedance T-match antenna with bias supply DC-blocking structures for either a uniplanar layout or a multilayer structure for improved device reliability. Manufacturability is favoured by avoiding the use of airbridges, substrate thinning or under-etching. The estimated output power of the improved design is 9.0 (Formula presented.), which is an improvement of three times over the reference photomixer

The Effect of Dietary Fish Oil in addition to Lifestyle Counselling on Lipid Oxidation and Body Composition in Slightly Overweight Teenage Boys

Objective. n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) have shown potential to increase lipid oxidation and prevent obesity. Subjects. Seventy-eight boys aged 13–15 y with whole-body fat% of 30 ± 9% were randomly assigned to consume bread with fish oil (FO) (1.5 g n-3 LCPUFA/d) or vegetable oil for 16 weeks. All boys were counselled to improve diet and exercise habits. Results. Lifestyle counselling resulted in decreased sugar intake but did not change the physical activity level. Whole-body fat% decreased 0.7 ± 2.5% and 0.6 ± 2.2%, resting metabolic rate after the intervention was 7150 ± 1134 kJ/d versus 7150 ± 1042 kJ/d, and the respiratory quotient was 0.89 ± 0.05 versus 0.88 ± 0.05, in the FO and control group, respectively. No group differences were significant. Conclusion. FO-supplementation to slightly overweight teenage boys did not result in beneficial effects on RMR, lipid oxidation, or body composition

Passagerernes kollektive transport eller den kollektive transports passagerer? Muligheder og faldgruber ved brugerinddragelse i planlægningen af kollektiv transport

Passagererne i den kollektive transport står i en svagere position end forbrugere på andre markeder, idet det sjældent er muligt at vælge en anden udbyder, hvis man er utilfreds. Dette fravær af traditionelle markedsmekanismer kan være en medvirkende årsag til frustrationer og afmagt hos passagererne, der oplever at vigtige beslutninger træffes langt fra deres hverdag.  Brugerinddragelse kan være en måde for myndigheder og trafikselskaber til at skabe større overensstemmelse mellem den udbudte kollektive transport og passagerernes ønsker. Resultater tyder da også på, at der er en vis sammenhæng mellem graden af brugerinddragelse og tilfredshed med den kollektive transport.  Med udgangspunkt i både teori og praksis vil vi redegøre for de muligheder og faldgruber brugerinddragelse kan give. Anvendes brugerinddrages på denne rette måde, kan det være med til at imødegå frustrationer hos passagererne og give medejerskab for vigtige beslutninger. Omvendt kan uhensigtsmæssig anvendelse af brugerinddragelse, eller fravær af brugerinddragelse blive dyrere for samfundet, når beslutninger må ændres eller gøres om.&nbsp