Goblet Cell Carcinoid in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Rare Combination

Neuroendocrine tumors are rare tumors primarily located in the gastrointestinal tract. Goblet cell carcinoid is a rare subgroup of neuroendocrine tumors located in the appendix. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 have an increased incidence of typical neuroendocrine tumors, but it is unknown if this is the case with goblet cell carcinoids. We describe a patient with both neurofibromatosis type 1 and goblet cell carcinoid, that according to literature would occur in 0.00017 per million per year. This may suggest a previously unknown association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and goblet cell carcinoids

Protostellar accretion traced with chemistry. High resolution C18O and continuum observations towards deeply embedded protostars in Perseus

Context: Understanding how accretion proceeds is a key question of star formation, with important implications for both the physical and chemical evolution of young stellar objects. In particular, very little is known about the accretion variability in the earliest stages of star formation. Aims: To characterise protostellar accretion histories towards individual sources by utilising sublimation and freeze-out chemistry of CO. Methods: A sample of 24 embedded protostars are observed with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) in context of the large program "Mass Assembly of Stellar Systems and their Evolution with the SMA" (MASSES). The size of the C$^{18}$O emitting region, where CO has sublimated into the gas-phase, is measured towards each source and compared to the expected size of the region given the current luminosity. The SMA observations also include 1.3 mm continuum data, which are used to investigate whether a link can be established between accretion bursts and massive circumstellar disks. Results: Depending on the adopted sublimation temperature of the CO ice, between 20% and 50% of the sources in the sample show extended C$^{18}$O emission indicating that the gas was warm enough in the past that CO sublimated and is currently in the process of refreezing; something which we attribute to a recent accretion burst. Given the fraction of sources with extended C$^{18}$O emission, we estimate an average interval between bursts of 20000-50000 yr, which is consistent with previous estimates. No clear link can be established between the presence of circumstellar disks and accretion bursts, however the three closest known binaries in the sample (projected separations <20 AU) all show evidence of a past accretion burst, indicating that close binary interactions may also play a role in inducing accretion variability.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 21 pages, 13 figure

Differential insulitic profiles determine the extent of beta cell destruction and the age at onset of type 1 diabetes

Published onlineJOURNAL ARTICLEType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells following the infiltration of leukocytes (including CD8+, CD4+ and CD20+ cells) into and around pancreatic islets ("insulitis"). Recently, we reported that two distinct patterns of insulitis occur in patients with recent-onset T1D from the UK and that these differ principally in the proportion of infiltrating CD20+ B-cells (designated "CD20Hi" and "CD20Lo" respectively). We have now extended this analysis to include patients from the nPOD (USA) and DiViD (Norway) cohorts and confirm that the two profiles of insulitis occur more widely. Moreover, we show that patients can be directly stratified according to their insulitic profile and that those receiving a diagnosis before the age of 7 years always display the CD20Hi profile. By contrast, individuals diagnosed beyond the age of 13 years are uniformly defined as CD20Lo. This implies that the two forms of insulitis are differentially aggressive and that patients with a CD20Hi profile lose their beta cells at a more rapid rate. In support of this, we also find that the proportion of residual insulin-containing islets (ICIs) increases in parallel with age at onset of T1D. Importantly, those diagnosed in, or beyond, their teenage years retain ∼40% ICIs at diagnosis, implying that a functional deficit rather than absolute beta cell loss may be causal for disease onset in these patients. We conclude that appropriate patient stratification will be critical for correct interpretation of the outcomes of intervention therapies targeted to islet-infiltrating immune cells in T1D

Risiko ved transport af farligt gods

Projektet ”Transport af farligt gods”, er næsten afsluttet. Slutrapporten publiceres i 1999. Den indeholder to risikomodeller for transporter af farligt gods: en model for jernbanetrafik og en model for vejtrafik. Disse modeller angiver risikoen for udslip af forskellige størrelser ved givne transporter. Endvidere angives modeller for konsekvenserne af givne udslip, dels hu-mane konsekvenser i form af fN-kurver for dødsfald, dels miljøkonsekvenser i form af jord-og grundvandsforurening og i form af forurening af overfladevand. Modellerne indlægges i et GIS, som kan anskueliggøre konsekvensernes geografiske fordeling totalt eller vise forskelle ved forskelligt rutevalg for en given transport