GENERATIVE SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE ORACLE

A system may assist the development-to-deployment workflow by presenting information about the architecture of a software system in real-time to facilitate understanding of the architecture. The system may analyze metadata collected from the software system to extract information about the code dependency and performance of at least a portion of the software system from end-to-end. In some examples, the system may predict the results of software testing based on the extracted information, which may help with identifying redundant testing that can be omitted from the development-to-deployment workflow

Addiction and Substance Abuse in Nevada

Substance abuse is known to cause a host of problems for individual users, their communities, and society as a whole. Its cost is staggering, as measured by lost productivity, medical illness, serious injuries, and premature death, as well as by resources required to run criminal justice system and special education programs (Meara & Frank, 2005). The substance abuse problem is global in scope. Consider these figures released by the United Nations’ 2005 World Drug Report[WDR] (United Nations, Office on Drug and Crime, 2005), In 2003-2004, about 200 million people, or 5% of the world’s population age 15-64, had used illicit drugs at least once in the last 12 months – 15 million more than in 2002-2003. Many more currently use legal psychoactive substances like tobacco (about 30% of the world’s adult population) and alcohol (about 50%). The number of cannabis (marijuana) users worldwide is now close to 160 million people or 4% of the population age 15-64. An estimated 26 million people now use amphetamines and 8 million use ecstasy – a slightly lower figure than the one given in the previous year’s WDR. The number of opiate users is estimated to have risen slightly and now stands at about16 million people worldwide (11 million of which abuse heroin). The number of cocaine users has grown slightly and is now estimated to be close to 14 million people (Executive Summary, U.N. 2005 World Drug Report)

\u3ci\u3eCercocarpus ledifolius\u3c/i\u3e var. \u3ci\u3eintricatus\u3c/i\u3e ‘DoubleDown’

Bonsai (tray landscape, potted scenery, potted landscape, miniature trees, and rockery) is an artistic horticulture practice of developing aesthetically formed trees and landscapes in miniature with appropriately aesthetic containers. This has been practiced over a few thousand years in oriental cultures, including the ancient Chinese tradition of penzai or penjing, from which the art originated; the miniature living landscapes of Vietnamese hòn non bộ; and the Japanese variations of bonsai and “tray planting” (Gustafson 1995). To produce bonsai plants that share similar shapes and styles of mature, full-size trees, cultivation techniques are used, including leaf trimming, pruning, wiring, clamping, grafting, defoliation, and deadwood techniques (Zhao 2012). This practice is distinct from dwarfing in that dwarfing is a process to discover, breed, or genetically create a plant cultivar that is a permanent genetic miniature of standard members of its species (Ferrero-Serrano et al. 2019). Bonsai can be created from specimens of woody source materials that include cuttings, seedlings, or small trees. The source specimen should be relatively small and meet the aesthetic standards of bonsai. Nearly any perennial woody-stemmed tree or shrub species is suitable for bonsai development (Owen 1990) if they produce true branches and remain relatively small in a container environment through crown and root pruning. Slow-growing plant species with small leaves or needles are popular bonsai materials

Addiction and Substance Abuse among Nevada Youths

Adolescence is a critical stage for substance abuse initiation, as well as for substance abuse prevention, intervention, and treatment. This report presents tobacco product use, alcohol use, and illicit drug use rates of Nevada’s youths (aged 12-17) compared with youths nationwide as a whole. Most data were retrieved from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), including the 2008--2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data and Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), supplemented with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data. Substate data were taken from SAMHSA’s 2006-2008 NSDUH data, the most updated substate data available so far. The 2010 NSDUH state-level data won’t be released by SAMHSA until 2012

Dependence of surface exchange coefficients on averaging scale and grid size

The value of the effective exchange coefficient for area-averaged fluxes can depend significantly on the averaging scale. This dependence implies that the exchange coefficient in numerical models should depend on grid size. The main goal of this study is the assessment of the importance of such scale-dependence. When the large-scale flow is weak, the mesoscale motions on scales smaller than the averaging width (grid size) may generate significant turbulence which is not represented by the area-averaged wind vector (resolved flow). In this case, the effective exchange coefficient must be larger than that predicted by similarity theory in order to predict the grid-averaged turbulent flux. This study reviews different approaches for representation of spatially-averaged surface fluxes over heterogeneous surfaces. The scale-dependence of the effective exchange coefficient is posed in terms of spatially averaging the bulk aerodynamic relationship. This scale-dependence is evaluated in terms of observed fluxes from three different field programs. The effective drag coefficient is found to be more scale-dependent than the effective exchange coefficients for heat and momentum. The effective conductance is found to be less scale-dependent than the effective exchange coefficient and effective resistance. Except for the case of weak flow over strong surface heterogeneity, the exchange coefficient is nearly independent of grid size.Keywords: Surface fluxes, Grid-square averaging, Scale dependence, Exchange coefficients, Heterogeneous terrain, Boundary layerKeywords: Surface fluxes, Grid-square averaging, Scale dependence, Exchange coefficients, Heterogeneous terrain, Boundary laye

Multi-Substituted Quinolines as HIV-1 Integrase Allosteric Inhibitors

Allosteric HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors, or ALLINIs, are a new class of antiviral agents that bind at the dimer interface of the IN, away from the enzymatic catalytic site and block viral replication by triggering an aberrant multimerization of the viral enzyme. To further our understanding of the important binding features of multi-substituted quinoline-based ALLINIs, we have examined the IN multimerization and antiviral properties of substitution patterns at the 6 or 8 position. We found that the binding properties of these ALLINIs are negatively impacted by the presence of bulky substitutions at these positions. In addition, we have observed that the addition of bromine at either the 6 (6-bromo) or 8 (8-bromo) position conferred better antiviral properties. Finally, we found a significant loss of potency with the 6-bromo when tested with the ALLINI-resistant IN A128T mutant virus, while the 8-bromo analog retained full effectiveness

Spatial Variation of the Regional Wind Field with Land–Sea Contrasts and Complex Topography

This study examines the spatial variation of the wind field observed in the coastal zone of southeast Korea with its complex terrain, using measurements from a regional network 75 km across and centered about Busan. Results are compared with observations from an inland regional network centered around Daegu, Korea, with less dramatic, but still significant, surface heterogeneity. The coherency between stations is examined in terms of the between-station correlations of the wind components for all pairs of stations as a function of separation distance between stations. A mesovelocity scale is defined as a measure of the spatial variability of the wind field within the network. This variability is related to wind speed and cloud cover for the two contrasting regional networks. Additional comparisons are made with a homogenous rural network in Iowa. The results underscore the complexity of flow with topography, urban areas, and land–sea contrasts and demonstrate the inadequacy of existing network strategiesKeywords: Coastal meteorology, Wind, Complex terrai

Wind and Temperature Oscillations Generated by Wave–Turbulence Interactions in the Stably Stratified Boundary Layer

The authors investigate atmospheric internal gravity waves (IGWs): their generation and induction of global intermittent turbulence in the nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layer based on the new concept of turbulence generation discussed in a prior paper by Sun et al. The IGWs are generated by air lifted by convergence forced by the colliding background flow and cold currents near the ground. The buoyancy-forced IGWs enhance wind speed at the wind speed wave crests such that the bulk shear instability generates large coherent eddies, which augment local turbulent mixing and vertically redistribute momentum and heat. The periodically enhanced turbulent mixing, in turn, modifies the air temperature and flow oscillations of the original IGWs. These turbulence-forced oscillations (TFOs) resemble waves and coherently transport momentum and sensible heat. The observed momentum and sensible heat fluxes at the IGW frequency, which are due to either the buoyancy-forced IGWs themselves or the TFOs, are larger than turbulent fluxes near the surface. The IGWs enhance not only the bulk shear at the wave crests, but also local shear over the wind speed troughs of the surface IGWs. Temporal and spatial variations of turbulent mixing as a result of this wave-induced turbulent mixing change the mean airflow and the shape of the IGWs.Keywords: Waves, Atmospheric, Wind stress, Drainage flow, Gravity waves, Boundary layer, Turbulenc