The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

SnapFind: brute force interactive image retrieval

SnapFind is an image retrieval system that enables efficient interactive search of large data sets by exploiting active disk technology. In contrast to earlier approaches, where data is typically pre-indexed for efficient retrieval according to a fixed scheme, SnapFind provides users with the flexibility to search non-indexed data in a brute force manner. The query is translated into a customized searchlet that is executed in parallel by processors near the storage devices. This enables the majority of irrelevant images to be discarded where they are stored. Partial results are displayed during search execution allowing users to interactively refine the query without waiting for search termination. This paper argues that algorithms with user-adjustable parameters are preferable to black-box image retrieval techniques. 1

Efficient near-duplicate detection and sub-image retrieval

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EVALUATING KEYPOINT METHODS FOR CONTENT-BASED COPYRIGHT PROTECTION OF DIGITAL IMAGES

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of keypoint methods for content-based protection of digital images. These methods identify a set of “distinctive ” regions (termed keypoints) in an image and encode them using descriptors that are robust to expected image transformations. To determine whether a particular image were derived from a protected image, the keypoints for both images are generated and their descriptors matched. We describe a comprehensive set of experiments to examine how keypoint methods cope with three real-world challenges: (1) loss of keypoints due to cropping; (2) matching failures caused by approximate nearest-neighbor indexing schemes; (3) degraded descriptors due to significant image distortions. While keypoint methods perform very well in general, this paper identifies cases where the accuracy of such methods degrades. 1

IP switching and gigabit routers

To cope with the growth in the Internet and corporate IP networks we require IP routers capable of much higher performance than is possible with existing architectures. This paper examines two approaches to the design of a high-performance router, the gigabit router and the IP switch, and then provides some detail on the implementation of an IP switch and the protocols associated with IP switching. The Internet is growing rapidly. The number of hosts on the Internet has doubled approximately every 56 weeks since 1989 [14] and the number of web servers has doubled at least every 23 weeks for the last three years [15]. As such growth persists, and as common access line speeds increase, we require IP routing capacity of many gigabits/s (Gbps) of aggregate traffic. Existing bus and central processor based architectures can handle a maximum load in the region of 1 Gbps and a few hundred thousand packets per second (kpps) but to get much beyond this requires alternative architectures. This pape