Évaluation de la recherche, les principes de la déclaration DORA

La Science Ouverte a pour corollaire un changement de paradigme profond des pratiques scientifiques. Notre poster cible un des segments de ce paradigme, celui de l\u27évaluation de la science, lequel est évidemment en interaction avec d\u27autres, comme celui des publications, ou celui des données de la recherche. Le besoin de revoir l\u27évaluation scientifique n\u27est plus à démontrer. Il se retrouve dans un des 8 axes de l\u27appel de Jussieu (2017), et fait l\u27objet d\u27un nouveau projet du CoSo (2018). À l\u27échelle internationale cette nécessité se cristallise autour d\u27une déclaration internationale de 2013, la San Fransisco Decleration on Ressarch Assessement (DORA), faite de 18 recommandations. Notre poster propose une vue holistique de ces déclarations, en trois niveaux : (i) celui des acteurs : Plateformes d’indicateurs et Éditeurs scientifiques, côté production, et Financeurs, Établissements puis Chercheurs côté utilisation ; (ii) celui des pratiques avec quatre recommandations globales : Guider l\u27usage, Changer les pratiques, Transparence et élargir les données ; enfin (iii) le niveau technique, qui éclaire le soubassement d\u27où proviennent les indicateurs. Alors que les déclarations sont principalement présentées linéairement, un intérêt de ce poster réside dans les différents angles de lecture qu\u27il permet. À l\u27issue de sa lecture, nous constatons une résistance (potentielle) au paradigme de la Science Ouverte, celui d\u27utiliser des plateformes "fermées" d’indicateurs, c\u27est-à-dire celles non contrôlées par la communauté scientifique

Low temperature tunneling current enhancement in silicide/Si Schottky contacts with nanoscale barrier width

The low temperature electrical behavior of adjacent silicide/Si Schottky contacts with or without dopant segregation is investigated. The electrical characteristics are very well modeled by thermionic-field emission for non-segregated contacts separated by micrometer-sized gaps. Still, an excess of current occurs at low temperature for short contact separations or dopant-segregated contacts when the voltage applied to the device is sufficiently high. From two-dimensional self-consistent non-equilibrium Green's function simulations, the dependence of the Schottky barrier profile on the applied voltage, unaccounted for in usual thermionic-field emission models, is found to be the source of this deviation

The use of Immunodiagnostic Techniques in Sheep for the Epidemiological Surveillance of Cystic Echinococcosis

Objective: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosussensu lato. Immunodiagnostic techniques such as Western blot (WB) or enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA), with different antigens, can be applied to the diagnosis ofsheep for epidemiological surveillance purposes in control programs. However, its use islimited by the existence of antigenic cross-reactivity between different species of taeniidaepresent in sheep. Therefore, the usefulness of establishing surveillance systems based on theidentification of infection present in a livestock establishment, known as the (Epidemiological)Implementation Unit (IU), needs to be evaluated.Materials and Methods: A new ELISA diagnostic technique has been recently developed andvalidated using the recombinant EgAgB8/2 antigen for the detection of antibodies against E.granulosus. To determine detection of infection at the IU level using information from thisdiagnostic technique, simulations were carried out to evaluate the sample size required toclassify IUs as likely infected, using outputs from a recently developed Bayesian latent classanalysis model.Results: Relatively small samples sizes (between 14-29) are sufficient to achieve a highprobability of detection (above 80%), across a range of prevalence, with the recentlyrecommended Optical Density cut-off value for this novel ELISA (0.496), which optimizesdiagnostic sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions: This diagnostic technique could be potentially used to identify the prevalence ofinfection in an area under control, measured as the percentage of IUs with the presence ofinfected sheep (infection present), or to individually identify the IU with ongoing transmission,given the presence of infected lambs, on which control measures should be intensified.Fil: Poggio, Thelma Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein". Fundación Pablo Cassará. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein"; ArgentinaFil: Mujica, Guillermo Bernardo. Ministerio de Salud de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Prada, Joaquin M.. University of Surrey; Reino UnidoFil: Larrieu, Edmundo Juan. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

Early Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up of Cystic Echinococcosis in Remote Rural Areas in Patagonia: Impact of Ultrasound Training of Non-Specialists

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important and widespread disease that affects sheep, cattle, and humans living in areas where sheep and cattle are raised. CE is highly endemic in rural sections of Rio Negro, Argentina, where our group is based. However, it requires continuous monitoring of both populations with human disease best assessed by means of ultrasound (US) screening. This is challenging in remote rural areas due to the shortage of imaging specialists. To overcome this hurdle, we set up a two-day training program of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Echinococcosis (FASE) on CE for family medicine practitioners with no previous experience in US. After the course, they were equipped with portable US scanners and dispatched to remote rural areas in Rio Negro where they screened patients, located and staged the cysts and decided on the treatment with the help of surgeons and radiologists in local tertiary care centers

Prelamin A impairs 53BP1 nuclear entry by mislocalizing NUP153 and disrupting the Ran gradient.

The nuclear lamina is essential for the proper structure and organization of the nucleus. Deregulation of A-type lamins can compromise genomic stability, alter chromatin organization and cause premature vascular aging. Here, we show that accumulation of the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, inhibits 53BP1 recruitment to sites of DNA damage and increases basal levels of DNA damage in aged vascular smooth muscle cells. We identify that this genome instability arises through defective nuclear import of 53BP1 as a consequence of abnormal topological arrangement of nucleoporin NUP153. We show for the first time that this nucleoporin is important for the nuclear localization of Ran and that the deregulated Ran gradient is likely to be compromising the nuclear import of 53BP1. Importantly, many of the defects associated with prelamin A expression were significantly reduced upon treatment with Remodelin, a small molecule recently reported to reverse deficiencies associated with abnormal nuclear lamina.British Heart Foundation (Grant ID: RG/11/14/29056), Medical Research Council (Grant ID: MR/L019116/1), Cancer Research UK (Grant IDs: C6/A11224, C6946/A14492), European Research Council, European Community Seventh Framework Programme (Grant ID: HEALTH-F2-2010-259893) , Wellcome Trust (Grant ID: WT092096), University of CambridgeThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acel.1250

Modelling the probability of microhabitat formation on trees using cross-sectional data

The rate of TreM formation per unit diameter growth was modelled as a function of tree diameter at breast height (DBH), and the model was calibrated considering cross-sectional observations TreMs on trees of different sizes. The model predicted realistic TreM formation rates at the tree and stand levels in forests dominated by Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica. This approach opens new perspectives to the analysis of forest biodiversity conservation strategies