Why do French women refuse to have Down's syndrome screening by maternal serum testing? A mixed methods study

Purpose: The study aims to analyse the reasons underpinning women's refusal to undertake Down's syndrome screening (DSS) by maternal serum testing (MST). Methods: A retrospective, mixed methods sequential approach was used. An online survey on women's experience of prenatal testing followed by in-depth interviews were conducted, with women over 18 years old, who had been pregnant within five years prior to the study. Altogether, 1726 responses were gathered, of which 217 related to women who had refused MST. The study compares the women who refused MST with women who accepted it on sociodemographic characteristics, the evolution and experience of the pregnancy, their knowledge about Down's syndrome (DS). It also utilises survey comments and five in-depth interviews to explore, using Thematic Analysis, the reasons for refusing MST. Results: To refuse MST is cognitively demanding. Indeed, women who refused MST were better educated, knew more about prenatal diagnosis sequences and DS than women who accepted it. This position is also emotionally challenging as women's interactions with practitioners can put them in difficult situations, where they have to defend their point of view. Reasons for refusing MST go beyond religious beliefs, negative attitudes towards abortion and/or medicalisation of pregnancy. Rather, women's position appears to be driven by a holistic conception of care-based monitoring, values of inclusivity and a desire to remain in control of their pregnancy. Conclusions: It is essential that women feel accepted and supported in their choice to refuse MST. Consequently, it is important for professionals to remain cognisant of the diversity of factors underpinning women's decision, the pressure this position generates and the challenges that come with it

Examining techniques for measuring the effects of nutrients on mental performance and mood state

Purpose: Intake of specific nutrients has been linked to mental states and various indices of cognitive performance although the effects are often subtle and difficult to interpret. Measurement of so-called objective variables (e.g. reaction times) is often considered to be the gold standard for assessing outcomes in this field of research. It can, however, be argued that data on subjective experience (e.g. mood) are also important and may enrich existing objective data. The aim of this review is to evaluate methods for measuring mental performance and mood, considering the definition of subjective mood and the validity of measures of subjective experience. Methods: A multi-stakeholder expert group was invited by ILSI Europe to come to a consensus around the utility of objective and subjective measurement in this field, which forms the basis of the paper. Therefore, the present review reflects a succinct overview of the science but is not intended to be a systematic review. Results: The proposed approach extends the traditional methodology using standard ‘objective’ measurements to also include the consumers’ subjective experiences in relation to food. Specific recommendations include 1) using contemporary methods to capture transient mood states; 2) using sufficiently sensitive measures to capture effects of nutritional intervention; 3) considering the possibility that subjective and objective responses will occur over different time frames; and 4) recognition of the importance of expectancy and placebo effects for subjective measures. Conclusions: The consensus reached was that the most informative approach should involve collection and consideration of both objective and subjective data

La corrida espagnole (une analyse d'un spectacle controversé du Moyen-Âge à nos jours)

Depuis des millénaires une relation particulière lie les taureaux et les hommes, qui les ont affrontés et les affrontent encore de diverses manières. De ses origines à nos jours, la corrida a toujours fait l objet de polémiques et d attaques visant à la faire interdire. Dans cette étude bibliograhique nous retraçons d abord l évolution des opinions sur la corrida au fil de son histoire, puis nous effectuons une analyse des attaques actuelles. Initialement les critiques étaient surtout d ordre religieux et économique, puis la considération croissante de la souffrance animale devint la source majeure des attaques. Aujourd hui des associations spécifiques attaquent violemment ce spectacle ; la deuxième partie de notre travail consiste à décortiquer leurs critiques, ce qui nous permet de réfuter des affirmations erronées et de proposer des solutions envisageables pour lutter contre les fraudes et d adapter les pratiques aux caractéristiques anatomiques et physiologiques des taureaux.TOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pitfalls in ataxia with ocular motor apraxia type 1: pseudodominant inheritance and very late onset

International audienc

Les créations salariées en droit français

Commençons par une petite histoire : Jules et Jim sont amis. Ils sont tous les deux salariés de la société VROUMMM qui fabrique des moyens de locomotion spécialisés. Jules a été embauché comme informaticien, Jim est chercheur dans le laboratoire de l’entreprise. Alors qu’ils travaillent ensemble sur un projet de véhicule d’exploration lunaire, ils ont l’idée d’un nouveau mode de transport individuel qui pourrait répondre aux exigences de développement durable et séduire la clientèle jeune. Il..

Prevalence, risk factors, and characterization of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy horses in France in 2015

International audienceAlthough antimicrobial resistance is increasingly common in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remains scarce. We estimated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding of multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, and AmpC β-lactamase-producing, or some combination of these in Escherichia coli in horses in France. We characterized ESBL/AmpC isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence and ESBL/AmpC-associated resistance genes. Fecal samples from healthy adult horses at 41 premises were collected. A questionnaire was completed by each premises manager. A subset of these samples was tested to build 2 bacterial collections. Indicator (without enrichment) and specific (enrichment with ceftriaxone) E. coli tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Prevalence of isolates nonsusceptible to antimicrobials was estimated at the horse and the premises level. The ESBL/AmpC and virulence genes were identified by PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors for MDR and ESBL/AmpC isolates at premises. Virulence gene iutA was identified in 1 ESBL/AmpC-producing isolate. Medical treatment, staff numbers, and activity were identified as risk factors for housing horses shedding ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates. Prevalence of healthy horses harboring ESBL/AmpC genes and MDR isolates in their intestinal microbiota is substantial. Risk factors could be used to elaborate guidelines to prevent their dissemination

Spread of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL gene blaCTX-M-1 and metabolism operon of prebiotic oligosaccharides in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses, France

International audienc