Detection and discrimination of carica papaya fungi through the analysis of volatile metabolites by gas chromatography and analysis of variance-principal component analysis

Conventional detection and identification of the fungi causing postharvest diseases in fruits are time-consuming, laborious, and can only be performed after the manifestation of symptoms. In this work, an alternative method based on headspace analysis, and which allows the early detection of fungi species frequently found papaya fruit, is presented. Volatile compounds of four in vitro fungi cultures (Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium solani, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae) were extracted using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The resulting chromatographic fingerprints were explored by conventional principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA)–PCA. Decomposition of the original matrix, according to the factors proposed in the experimental design, by ANOVA before applying the PCA improved the distinction of the control and fungi samples. The main chromatographic peaks referring to the metabolites produced by each species were successfully identified using the proposed analysis. A primary alcohol with five carbons and phenylethyl alcohol were observed in all fungi species and so could be used as an indicative of postharvest disease. Although unique metabolites were detected for all fungi species, only those from C. gloeosporioides and another from F. solani could be surely identified, such as thymolmethyl and 3,6-dimethylhept-6-en-4-yn-3-ol, respectively. The in vitro results obtained are promising, and it is expected that the biomarkers detected in this work will be useful in future development of methods for the early detection and classification of papaya fungi species3412The IV Winter School on ChemometricsCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão tem2019/10043-

Study of chemical compound spatial distribution in biodegradable active films using NIR hyperspectral imaging and multivariate curve resolution

A study of spatial distribution of the four different plasticizers and sorbic acid incorporated in cellulose acetate biodegradable films using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) is presented. A NIR-HSI was acquired for each film. MCR-ALS was applied to generate pure component distribution maps. A repeatability study was performed. The proposed method was able to recover the pure spectra of each film component accurately. The relative concentration vectors obtained by the MCR-ALS were rebuilt in matrices, and it was possible to analyze the homogeneity of the film constituents based on macropixel analysis and homogeneity index. The NIR-HSI imaging showed excellent repeatability. For the first time, a study detailing the distribution of chemical compounds incorporated into entire biodegradable films was possible by using NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with the MCR-ALS method341CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal e Nível SuperiorCNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De Minas Geraissem informaçãosem informação00

The Influence of Intermolecular Interactions between Maleic Anhydride, Cellulose Nanocrystal, and Nisin-Z on the Structural, Thermal, and Antimicrobial Properties of Starch-PVA Plasticized Matrix

On behalf of a circular economy, regular plastics have been replaced by biodegradable packagings. Besides, active films have been applied to improve the shelf-life and quality of foods. In this work, blends were developed using starch as a low-cost natural polymer, mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) due to its physical-chemical and biodegradable properties. Moreover, maleic anhydride (MaAh), cellulose-nanocrystal (CN), and nisin-z (N-Z) were added, respectively, as a compatibilizer, a mechanical-reinforce, and antimicrobial agents. The thermal stability of the films was analyzed, which blends’ melting temperature occurred around 200–207 °C, and it was influenced by CN, N-Z, and MaAh amounts. N-Z and MaAh acted against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by compound diffusion (inhibition-halo around 1.85 and 2.18 cm); while S. Choleraesuis and E. coli were inhibited by contact. Therefore, these blends presented the potential to be used as active biodegradable packaging in the food industry

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data