Reduction of electron‐deficient alkenes enabled by a photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer

Direct hydrogen atom transfer from a photoredox‐generated Hantzsch ester radical cation to electron‐deficient alkenes has enabled the development of an efficient formal hydrogenation under mild, operationally simple conditions. The HAT‐driven mechanism is supported by experimental and computational studies. The reaction is applied to a variety of cinnamate derivatives and related structures, irrespective of the presence of electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing substituents in the aromatic ring and with good functional group compatibility

First-Line Therapy for Patients with Advanced Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Efficacy and Toxicity of Intensive ЕАСОРР-14 Program (NN Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center Data)

Aim. To assess the efficacy and toxicity of intensive 6 courses EACOPP-14 treatment with or without radiotherapy (RT) for advanced stages of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). Materials & Methods. From November 2009 to February 2015, 95 patients with advanced stages of HL (IIX–IIE, III–IV) aged between 17 and 50 years (median 29 years) were selected for the participation in the protocol ЛХМосква1-3. The study population consisted of 46.3 % men and 53.7 % women. The results of the treatment were assessed in 91 patients who have received more than 2 courses of EACOPP-14. The follow up period was at least 3 months after the receiving the therapy. Consolidation RT with a total dose of 30 Gy for residual tumor lesions and/or initially large tumors was performed after the chemotherapy. Results. Complete remission was achieved in 82 (90.1 %) patients, partial remission in 2 (2.2 %), and the progression was observed in 7 (7.7 %) patients. The overall 4-year survival rate was 90.8 %, the progression-free survival was 88.2 %. The toxicity of the ЕАСОРР-14 program was slightly lower than that of 8 courses of ВЕАСОРРesc, and was comparable to the toxicity of other modifications of intensified ВЕАСОРР scheme. Hematological toxicity grade 3 and 4 was most commonly observed: leukopenia was observed after 64.9 % of courses, anemia — after 24 % of courses, thrombocytopenia — after 3.8 % of courses. The rate of infections did not singificantly differ and accounted for 24 %. The most frequent non-infectious complications were mucositis (21.1 %) and polyneuropathy (11.7 %). Complications resulted in the change of treatment in only 3 (3.01 %) of patients. The exclusion of bleomycine from the ЕАСОРР-14 program reduced the frequency of RT complications. Grade 3 pulmonitis developed in 4.5 % of cases, while radiation-induce pulmonary fibrosis verified by CT developed in 15.2 % of cases. The ЕАСОРР-14 6 courses program showed its high efficacy both with and without RT, high tolerance and the possibility of full administration for the majority of patients with the various stages of HL. Conclusion. Current research showed the efficacy of treatment without RT for patients with advanced stages of HL with negative PET results and small (< 2.5 cm) residual tumors after intensive ЕАСОРР-14 program. This approach allowed to avoid a number of late treatment complications

Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar 3C 279: decade-long study from gamma-ray to radio

We report the results of decade-long (2008-2018) gamma-ray to 1 GHz radio monitoring of the blazar 3C 279, including GASP/WEBT, Fermi and Swift data, as well as polarimetric and spectroscopic data. The X-ray and gamma-ray light curves correlate well, with no delay greater than or similar to 3 h, implying general cospatiality of the emission regions. The gamma-ray optical flux flux relation changes with activity state, ranging from a linear to a more complex dependence. The behaviour of the Stokes parameters at optical and radio wavelengths, including 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array images, supports either a predominantly helical magnetic field or motion of the radiating plasma along a spiral path. Apparent speeds of emission knots range from 10 to 37c, with the highest values requiring bulk Lorentz factors close to those needed to explain gamma-ray variability on very short time-scales, The Mg II emission line flux in the 'blue' and 'red' wings correlates with the optical synchrotron conlinuum flux density, possibly providing a variable source of seed photons for inverse Compton scattering. in the radio bands, we find progressive delays of the most prominent light-curve maxima with decreasing frequency, as expected from the frequency dependence of the tau = 1 surface of synchrotron self-absorption. The global maximum in the 86 GHz light. curve becomes less prominent at lower frequencies, while a local maximum, appearing in 2014, strengthens toward decreasing frequencies, becoming pronounced at similar to 5 GHz, These tendencies suggest. different Doppler boosting of stratified radio-emitting zones in the jet