Rapid generation of long tandem DNA repeat arrays by homologous recombination in yeast to study their function in mammalian genomes

We describe here a method to rapidly convert any desirable DNA fragment, as small as 100 bp, into long tandem DNA arrays up to 140 kb in size that are inserted into a microbe vector. This method includes rolling-circle phi29 amplification (RCA) of the sequence in vitro and assembly of the RCA products in vivo by homologous recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method was successfully used for a functional analysis of centromeric and pericentromeric repeats and construction of new vehicles for gene delivery to mammalian cells. The method may have general application in elucidating the role of tandem repeats in chromosome organization and dynamics. Each cycle of the protocol takes ~ two weeks to complete

Development of the international monetary system conditions of globalization

This paper outlines the modern trends in the development of the international monetary system in conditions of financial globalization. The paper establishes that the international monetary system has evolved through different stages necessitated by various economic crises at different periodic intervals. It is noted in the paper that despite the inefficiencies in the current dollar denominated international monetary system developed countries are reluctant to do any reforms. However, International monetary system reform is obvious and most likely will happen under the growing crisis in the international financial systems and credit relations. It is proposed that countries look at new innovations that will make international transactions cheaper and less risky.peer-reviewe

Review of coal-water fuel pulverization technology and atomization quality registration methods

Possibilities of coal-water fuel application in industrial power engineering are considered and described. Two main problems and disadvantages of this fuel type are suggested. The paper presents information about liquid fuel atomization technologies and provides data on nozzle type for coal-water fuel pulverization. This article also mentions some of the existing technologies for coal-water slurry spraying quality determination

Enantioselective "organocatalysis in disguise" by the ligand sphere of chiral metal-templated complexes

Asymmetric catalysis holds a prominent position among the important developments in chemistry during the 20th century. This was acknowledged by the 2001 Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to Knowles, Noyori, and Sharpless for their development of chiral metal catalysts for organic transformations. The key feature of the catalysts was the crucial role of the chiral ligand and the nature of the metal ions, which promoted the catalytic conversions of the substrates via direct coordination. Subsequently the development of asymmetric organic catalysis opened new avenues to the synthesis of enantiopure compounds, avoiding any use of metal ions. Recently, an alternative approach to asymmetric catalysis emerged that relied on the catalytic functions of the ligands themselves boosted by coordination to metal ions. In other words, in these hybrid chiral catalysts the substrates are activated not by the metal ions but by the ligands. The activation and enantioselective control occurred via well-orchestrated and custom-tailored non-covalent interactions of the substrates with the ligand sphere of chiral metal complexes. In these metal-templated catalysts, the metal served either as a template (a purely structural role), or it constituted the exclusive source of chirality (metal-centred chirality due to the spatial arrangement of achiral or chiral bi-/tridentate ligands around an octahedral metal centre), and/or it increased the Brønsted acidity of the ligands. Although the field is still in its infancy, it represents an inspiring combination of both metal and organic catalysis and holds major unexplored potential to push the frontiers of asymmetric catalysis. Here we present an overview of this emerging field discussing the principles, applications and perspectives on the catalytic use of chiral metal complexes that operate as "organocatalysts in disguise". It has been demonstrated that these chiral metal complexes are efficient and provide high stereoselective control in asymmetric hydrogen bonding catalysis, phase-transfer catalysis, Brønsted acid/base catalysis, enamine catalysis, nucleophilic catalysis, and photocatalysis as well as bifunctional catalysis. Also, many of the catalysts have been identified as highly effective catalysts at remarkably low catalyst loadings. These hybrid systems offer many opportunities in the synthesis of chiral compounds and represent promising alternatives to metal-based and organocatalytic asymmetric transformations

Marketing strategy for hotel and tourist complex companies

Purpose: The article aims at justifying the application of certain marketing strategies by hotel and tourist companies. The choice of marketing strategies is variable and depends on the potential, resource support and the specifics of the target consumer audience. Design/Methodology/Approach: To substantiate the marketing strategies demanded in the current situation, it seems necessary: first, to explore the emerging trends in the demand for tourism infrastructure, the demand for hotel services, estimated on the basis of general trends in tourism development; second, to assess the presence of marketing technologies, including in the framework of innovative marketing in the analyzed area, as well as the use of marketing strategies in building relationships with target audiences; third, to formulate recommendations on the choice of a marketing strategy, taking into account the capabilities and targets of the hotel company. Findings: The authors proposed general recommendations on the choice of the marketing strategy of a hotel and tourism company, based on its resource capabilities, goals and specifics of the existing or potentially interesting target segment. The conclusion is made about the need for continuous innovation in the framework of building relationships and customer service. Practical Implications: The findings could be incorporated into the management system of hotel enterprises when planning marketing programs. Originality/Value: The main contribution of the study is to focus on the competitiveness of a hotel and tourist company on a research marketing function aimed at choosing the direction of strategic development of activities and introducing innovations into the daily practice.peer-reviewe

Implementation of Federal Research Projects as a Tool to Enhance the Training Quality of Master's Program

Analytical study of the impact of Federal target programs (FTP) implementation with involvement of master's program students for the purpose of obtaining practical skills, identifying and developing organizational skills, increasing motivation to the educational process and competitiveness in the labor market. The result of a parallel implementation of the Federal program and training of students in the master's program has significantly improved the performance of students. The average point increased from 4.23 in 2014 to 4.55 in 2015. The publication activity increased by 64%, the number of conferences with participation of students in the master's program increased by 75%. The growth of these criteria is caused by a large number of experiments carried out, analytical review, the practical relevance of the studied material and level of motivation due to payments to students from the Federal program funds

Assessment of Efficiency of Regenerative Heating System of Feed Water for High Temperature Turbine Plant on Decentralized Power Engineering Facilities

The results of theoretical researches on efficiency of air heater use have been presented. The results of the research show the possibility of increase of energy efficiency of electrical power unit on electrical energy consumption by 2% at the initial temperature of steam 1073 K. The possibility of decrease of unit consumption of reference fuel by 4% has been stated

Increase of Engineering Students Training Level

The article considers the problem of the widespread introduction of computer technology in the training of students in technical areas. This leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of practical training. Implementation in the educational process of the laboratory complex, which represents a real model of the power plant, has led to improved academic achievement in core subject areas. This equipment allowed the students to gain practical skills for different types of works with the equipment on the basis of the University, and also helped to increase the interest of students in carrying out the laboratory and practical work

The role of crypto-currencies in the development of the global currency system

The world monetary system is in the process of transition to a new level of development under the influence of the process of financial globalization, economic integration, as well as the activation of electronic currencies turnover. In these conditions, it is necessary to understand the causes of the changes and their possible consequences. One of the possible options for the development of the world monetary system can be the use of crypto-currency as international money.peer-reviewe

Improving the methodological tools of market pricing in exhibition marketing

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine ways to improve the methodological pricing tools in exhibition marketing from market positions. Design/Methodology/Approach: The leading method of research is a systematic approach, which is used to substantiate the economic and mathematical model of the optimal market price of the exhibition area, which is set depending on the quality of the exhibition. In order to measure differences in the quality of exhibition events, authors proposed to use reference-exhibition benchmarking characterized by the best price / quality ratio. Findings: The results of the study form the methodological basis for improving pricing not only in the exhibition business, but also in other areas of business activity. This is possible if the goods (services) are produced in the conditions of a monopolistic competition, and the quality of an individual product (service) could be quantified in a conventional unit, which should be scientifically substantiated. Practical implications: This study is of practical value for both exhibition organizers and their participants. Using of expo-activities of the developed methodological tools of market pricing allows strengthening their competitive positions and increasing the profitability of exhibitions, if the optimal market price of the exposition calculated by the proposed method compensates the average total costs of the exhibition company. Originality/Value: The article substantiates the original conceptual approach to exhibition pricing, which is based on interaction marketing, benchmarking and extremely high price, which prevents the formation of demand from exhibitors, that is proposed to be called the alternative price. It becomes possible to provide a scientific basis for determining the optimal market price of the exhibition area, that maximizes the profit of the organizing company.peer-reviewe