Fatty acid composition (MUFA and CLA) related with the G.878TC SCD gene polymor phism in abeerdeen angus steers

The composition of the fatty acids (FA) in meat is of great importance in the human diet. There are polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA) whose intake is reported as beneficial for a healthy diet. In addition, beef is of great importance as a functional food because it is an important source of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which has a key role in human health.Fil: Inostroza, Karla. Universidad de La Frontera (Chile)Fil: Larama, Giovanni . Universidad de La Frontera (Chile)Fil: Bravo, Silvana. Universidad de La Frontera (Chile)Fil: Sepúlveda, Néstor. Universidad de La Frontera (Chile

Soil Properties and Bacterial Communities Associated with the Rhizosphere of the Common Bean after Using Brachiaria brizantha as a Service Crop: A 10-Year Field Experiment

Intensive agricultural farming practices, such as monoculture, require long bare fallow periods and the overuse of agrochemicals, which compromise soil health over time. Increasing plant diversity in agroecosystems with service crops represents a promising alternative to achieving sustainability goals. However, how specific cover crop species influence the abundance and structure of soil bacterial communities remains to be solved. In this study, we assessed the effects of B. brizantha in two different agricultural cycles for 10 years in a common bean monoculture system in the northwestern region of Argentina (NWA) by measuring chemical, physical, and microbiological parameters in the rhizosphere, as well as by screening the rhizobiome using 16S rRNA sequencing. The ten-year inclusion of B. brizantha had a positive impact on properties in the rhizosphere compared to the common bean monoculture. The bacterial beta-diversity was different among treatments, but not the alpha-diversity. The most abundant phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Myxococcota. The predicted functions related to chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were increased under B. brizantha treatments compared to the bean monoculture. The inclusion of the pasture B. brizantha contributed to restoring soil health and minimizing soil degradation.EEA SaltaFil: Aban, Carla Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Aban, Carla Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Larama, Giovanni. Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center; ChileFil: Larama, Giovanni. Universidad de La Frontera. Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN). Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit; ChileFil: Ducci, María Antonella. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Ducci, María Antonella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Huidobro, Dina Jorgelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Abanto, Michel. Universidad de La Frontera. Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN). Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit; ChileFil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Brandan, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Brandan, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentin

Polymorphism g.17924a>g in fasn gene related to meat fatty acid composition (MUFA and CLA) in aberdeen angus steers

El interés en la composición de ácidos grasos de la carne bovina está relacionado con producir alimentos más saludables, por ejemplo, con altos contenidos de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (MUFA) y ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), debido a que la carne es considerada un alimento con un excesivo contenido graso. El principal objetivo fue determinar la relación del polimorfismo g.17924A>G en el gen FASN con la composición de ácidos grasos en la carne de bovinos Aberdeen Angus. El polimorfismo g.17924A>G fue identificado mediante PCR-RFLP (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa–polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción). Los ácidos grasos de los músculos L. dorsi, fueron analizados y cuantificados mediante cromatografía gaseosa. En este estudio, animales con el genotipo g.17924GG poseen mayores contenidos de ácido palmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0) y oleico (C18:1n9c) (P<0,05), y no se observan diferencias en los contenidos de otros ácidos grasos saturados (P>0,05). Indirectamente, los animales que presentan este genotipo poseen un mayor contenido de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (P<0,05), que animales con el genotipo g.17924AA. Además, animales con el genotipo g.17924GG presentan mayores contenidos de los principales isómeros de ácido linoleico conjugado y un mayor contenido graso (P<0,05). En conclusión, los resultados sugieren una relación del polimorfismo en el dominio TE del gen FASN con una composición de ácidos grasos más saludable en carne de vacuno.329 - [email protected] in beef fatty acid composition relates to produce healthier foods, i.e. with a higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), because meat is considered a food with excessive fat. The main objective was to determine the relationship of g.17924A>G polymorphism in FASN gene with the fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi muscle of Aberdeen Angus beef cattle. Polymorphism g.17924A>G was identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Fatty acids of L. dorsi muscle were analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography. In this study, animals with the g.17924GG genotype have higher contents of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1n9c) (P<0.05), and no differences in the contents of other saturated fatty acids (P>0.05). Indirectly, the animals with this genotype have a higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) than animals with g.17924AA genotype. In addition, animals with the g.17924GG genotype have higher contents of the main isomers of conjugated linoleic acid and a higher fat content (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest a relation of TE polymorphism in FASN gene with a beef fatty acid composition more healthy

Main Molecular Pathways Associated with Copper Tolerance Response in <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> by de novo Transcriptome Assembly

The metallophyte Imperata cylindrica inhabits copper (Cu) polluted soils in large areas from Central Chile. Here, we subjected clonal vegetative plantlets to 300 mg Cu kg−1 of substrate for 21 days to identify the main molecular pathways involved in the response to Cu stress. Transcriptomic analyses were performed for shoots and roots, with and without Cu supply. RNA-Seq and de novo transcriptome assembly were performed to identify the gene response associated with molecular mechanisms of Cu tolerance in I. cylindrica. De novo transcriptome revealed a total of 200,521 transcripts (1777 bp) comprising ~91% complete ultra-conserved genes in the eukaryote and Plantae database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots were 7386, with 3558 of them being up-regulated and the other 3828 down-regulated. The transcriptome response in shoots was significantly less, showing only 13 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated genes. Interestingly, DEGs mainly related with actin and cytoskeleton formation, and to a minor degree, some DEGs associated with metal transporters and superoxide dismutase activity in root tissues were found. These transcriptomic results suggest that cytoskeleton could be acting as a mechanism of Cu-binding in the root, resulting in a high Cu tolerance response in this metallophyte, which deserve to be analyzed ultra-structurally. Our study contributes to reinforcing the potential of I. cylindrica as a candidate plant species to be used as a phytoremediation agent in Cu-contaminated environments

Genome Sequence of Brevundimonas sp., an Arsenic Resistant Soil Bacterium

Brevundimonas sp. is a bacteria able to grow in metal(loid) contaminated soil from Puchuncaví Valley, central Chile. This study has isolated a bacterial strain capable of growth under high doses of arsenic (As) (6000 mg L−1), and a draft genome sequence was generated. Additionally, real-time PCR was performed to examine the effect of As on some genes related to As resistance. Results demonstrated a total of 3275 predicted annotated genes with several genes related to the ars operon, metal(loid) resistance-related genes, metal efflux pumps, and detoxifying enzymes. Real-time PCR showed that the arsB involved in the efflux of As was down-regulated, whereas arsR, arsH, and ACR3 did not show differences with the addition of As. Our study provides novel evidence of diverse As regulating systems in tolerant bacteria that will lead to a better understanding of how microorganisms overcome toxic elements and colonize As contaminated soils and to the possible use of their specific properties in bioremediation

Antarctic Thraustochytrids as Sources of Carotenoids and High-Value Fatty Acids

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and carotenoids are needed as human dietary supplements and are essential components in commercial feeds for the production of aquacultured seafood. Microorganisms such as thraustochytrids are potential natural sources of these compounds. This research reports on the lipid and carotenoid production capacity of thraustochytrids that were isolated from coastal waters of Antarctica. Of the 22 isolates, 21 produced lipids containing EPA+DHA, and the amount of these fatty acids exceeded 20% of the total fatty acids in 12 isolates. Ten isolates were shown to produce carotenoids (27.4–63.9 μg/g dry biomass). The isolate RT2316-16, identified as Thraustochytrium sp., was the best producer of biomass (7.2 g/L in five days) rich in carotenoids (63.9 μg/g) and, therefore, became the focus of this investigation. The main carotenoids in RT2316-16 were β-carotene and canthaxanthin. The content of EPA+DHA in the total lipids (34 ± 3% w/w in dry biomass) depended on the stage of growth of RT2316-16. Lipid and carotenoid content of the biomass and its concentration could be enhanced by modifying the composition of the culture medium. The estimated genome size of RT2316-16 was 44 Mb. Of the 5656 genes predicted from the genome, 4559 were annotated. These included genes of most of the enzymes in the elongation and desaturation pathway of synthesis of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Carotenoid precursors in RT2316-16 were synthesized through the mevalonate pathway. A β-carotene synthase gene, with a different domain organization compared to the gene in other thraustochytrids, explained the carotenoid profile of RT2316-16

A comparative gene co-expression analysis using self-organizing maps on two congener filmy ferns identifies specific desiccation tolerance mechanisms associated to their microhabitat preference

Abstract Background Filmy-ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) are poikilohydric, homoiochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant (DT) epiphytes. They can colonize lower and upper canopy environments of humid forest. Filmy-ferns desiccate rapidly (hours), contrasting with DT angiosperms (days/weeks). It has been proposed that desiccation tolerance in filmy-ferns would be associated mainly with constitutive features rather than induced responses during dehydration. However, we hypothesize that the inter-specific differences in vertical distribution would be associated with different dynamics of gene expression within the dehydration or rehydration phases. A comparative transcriptomic analysis with an artificial neural network was done on Hymenophyllum caudiculatum (restricted to lower canopy) and Hymenophyllum dentatum (reach upper canopy) during a desiccation/rehydration cycle. Results Raw reads were assembled into 69,599 transcripts for H. dentatum and 34,726 transcripts for H. caudiculatum. Few transcripts showed significant changes in differential expression (DE). H. caudiculatum had ca. twice DE genes than H. dentatum and higher proportion of increased-and-decreased abundance of genes occurs during dehydration. In contrast, the abundance of genes in H. dentatum decreased significantly when transitioning from dehydration to rehydration. According to the artificial neural network results, H. caudiculatum enhanced osmotic responses and phenylpropanoid related pathways, whilst H. dentatum enhanced its defense system responses and protection against high light stress. Conclusions Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the desiccation tolerance responses of two filmy ferns and the relationship between the species-specific response and the microhabitats these ferns occupy in nature

Characterization of the Cell Wall Component through Thermogravimetric Analysis and Its Relationship with an Expansin-like Protein in Deschampsia antarctica

Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) is one of the two vascular plants that have colonized the Antarctic Peninsula, which is usually exposed to extreme environmental conditions. To support these conditions, the plant carries out modifications in its morphology and metabolism, such as modifications to the cell wall. Thus, we performed a comparative study of the changes in the physiological properties of the cell-wall-associated polysaccharide contents of aerial and root tissues of the D. antarctica via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) combined with a computational approach. The result showed that the thermal stability was lower in aerial tissues with respect to the root samples, while the DTG curve describes four maximum peaks of degradation, which occurred between 282 and 358 &deg;C. The carbohydrate polymers present in the cell wall have been depolymerized showing mainly cellulose and hemicellulose fragments. Additionally, a differentially expressed sequence encoding for an expansin-like (DaEXLA2), which is characterized by possessing cell wall remodeling function, was found in D. antarctica. To gain deep insight into a probable mechanism of action of the expansin protein identified, a comparative model of the structure was carried out. DaEXLA2 protein model displayed two domains with an open groove in the center. Finally, using a cell wall polymer component as a ligand, the protein&ndash;ligand interaction was evaluated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The MD simulations showed that DaEXLA2 could interact with cellulose and XXXGXXXG polymers. Finally, the cell wall component description provides the basis for a model for understanding the changes in the cell wall polymers in response to extreme environmental conditions