344 research outputs found

    Urbanization and human-nature relationships: a comparison of urban and rural dwellers' perceptions of ecosystem services in the Solomon Islands

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    Marie Lapointe investigated how urbanization transforms people's relationships with nature in the Solomon Islands. She found that because of limited availability and access, fewer urban than rural dwellers perceived benefiting from ecosystem services, affecting their wellbeing. Findings can inform management aimed at enhancing nature’s contributions to people in cities

    Alien Registration- Lapointe, Fernande Marie L. (Auburn, Androscoggin County)

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    https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/30939/thumbnail.jp

    L’injustifiable poésie

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    Comparing Ecosystem Service preferences between urban and rural dwellers

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    Urbanization can profoundly alter socioecological relationships, but its influence on how people perceive and value ecosystem services (ES) is poorly understood. We reviewed an emerging literature in which sociocultural valuation of ES is compared among urban and rural dwellers. This research suggests that, although regulating and cultural ES were highly valued by both rural and urban dwellers, urban dwellers tended to value provisioning ES less than rural dwellers did. Differences in ES valuation could result from different experiences, uses, and needs for ES of urban and rural dwellers. We also identified two key gaps in the literature that relate to understanding how diverse ES contribute differently to the well-being of rural and urban populations (and the relevance of these differences for environmental education and policy) and the changing roles of ES in developing countries and vulnerable ecosystems, such as small islands, that face pressing environmental, social, and economic challenges

    Urbanization affects how people perceive and benefit from ecosystem service bundles in coastal communities of the Global South

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    Urbanization profoundly transforms ecosystems and the bundles of services they provide to people. The relationship between urbanization and how ecosystem services are produced together to form bundles has received increased research interest. However, there is limited understanding of how people’s perceptions of the benefits they receive from ecosystem service bundles change with urbanization, particularly in the Global South. Addressing this research gap is critical given perceptions influence how people relate to, use and manage their environment. We used a paired sampling design to contrast urban and rural dwellers’ perceptions of ecosystem service bundles associated with local ecosystems in the Solomon Islands, a rapidly urbanizing Small Island Developing State. Interviews from 200 households revealed that urbanization simplified the composition of perceived ecosystem service bundles. Contributions of provisioning and some cultural ecosystem services were reduced in bundles in urban areas, indicating a decrease in the diversity of experiences of nature and ecosystems providing those experiences. Examining changes in perceived ecosystem service bundles offers a valuable perspective on the implications of social-ecological change for ecosystem service demand and human wellbeing. Our approach presents a novel and simple way to identify and analyse bundles, providing insights into how and where people benefit from nature

    Du soulier à la lucarne : où, quand et comment les buts sont marqués au soccer

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    Palais-Royal en mai

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    Étude communicationnelle des pratiques culturelles au Québec : analyses des enquêtes ministérielles (1979-2009) : facteurs et prédicteurs, générations et cycles de vie, et découpages territoriaux

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    Cette thèse porte sur les pratiques culturelles des Québécois et des Québécoises et, plus spécifiquement dans un premier temps, sur les facteurs qui les influencent. Elle traite ensuite des comparaisons entre les individus selon les générations et les cycles de vie. Finalement, elle porte sur les découpages territoriaux régionaux sur le plan des pratiques culturelles et sur les questions liées au territoire. Tous les résultats sont tirés des enquêtes sur les pratiques culturelles au Québec menées à tous les cinq ans depuis 1979 par les ministères en charge de la culture. Les deux principaux référents théoriques sont la théorie de la légitimité de Bourdieu et la figure de l’omnivore de Peterson. Dans la première partie, cette thèse a cherché à savoir si les usages d’Internet sont associés à une ouverture culturelle ou à un confinement. Les résultats montrent que l’âge, la scolarité et les usages culturels que l’on fait d’Internet sont des prédicteurs importants des visites des lieux culturels et des sorties au spectacle. Les modèles qui incluent les usages d’Internet et des variables sociodémographiques sont plus performants que ceux ne considérant que ces dernières. Dans la deuxième partie, les quasi-cohortes à l’étude ont été comparées afin de voir si leurs comportements culturels diffèrent selon les cycles de vie et si leur parcours culturel a varié dans le temps. Finalement, la diversification des pratiques des quasi-cohortes a été étudiée afin d’estimer si elles deviennent plus omnivores avec le temps et d’une quasi-cohorte à l’autre. Le modèle explicatif créé affiche des différences dans le parcours culturel selon les cycles de vie, de même qu’au fil du temps. Il met également en lumière des différences d’une génération à l’autre, de même que des différences entre les générations lorsqu’elles traversent un même cycle de vie. À la différence de ceux de Peterson (2004), les résultats ne permettent pas de conclure que les quasi-cohortes plus âgées sont plus omnivores qu’avant ni que les jeunes sont plus omnivores que leurs aînés. La troisième partie de ce travail avait un objectif comparatif : il s’agissait de voir si les régions administratives du Québec, lorsqu’elles sont étudiées sous l’angle des pratiques culturelles, se regroupent conformément à la typologie des espaces culturels régionaux développée par Harvey et Fortin (1995) sur la base de l’offre culturelle. Les résultats montrent que les regroupements ne sont pas toujours conformes à la typologie et que les pratiques sont très hétérogènes, ce qui permet difficilement d’établir une constance dans les regroupements. Aussi semble-t-il indiqué de fonder la comparaison des territoires sur la prise en compte de l’objet (p. ex. offre ou pratique culturelle), de l’échelle territoriale (p. ex. bibliothèque municipale ou musée national) et de la nature du produit ou de la pratique (p. ex. mobile ou immobile). En conclusion, la pertinence d’élargir l’horizon des pratiques culturelles mesurées dans les enquêtes et d’y inclure des phénomènes transcendants, comme les valeurs, les contraintes et la motivation a été remise en question. À titre d’exemple, l’étude de la motivation pourrait permettre de préciser la figure de l’omnivore au Québec. Il est également apparu pertinent de poursuivre la réflexion en étudiant la manière dont les pratiques culturelles sont consommées afin de voir si, et comment, le cas échéant, s’opère la distinction.This thesis focuses on the cultural practices of the Québécois, more specifically, to begin with, on its influencing factors. It then looks at comparisons between individuals based on generations and life history. To conclude, it examines territorial and regional division in terms of cultural practices and issues related to territory. All the findings come from surveys on cultural practices in Quebec conducted every five years since 1979 by departments of cultural affairs. The two main theoretical references are Bourdieu's theory of legitimacy and Peterson's omnivore thesis. In the opening section, the thesis explores whether Internet use is connected to cultural openness or isolation. The findings demonstrate that age, education and the use of the Internet for cultural purposes are strong predictors of visits to cultural venues and outings to shows. The models that include Internet use and sociodemographic variables are more efficient than those focusing solely on the latter. In the second part, the study's quasi-cohorts were compared to see if their cultural behaviours changed according to life history and whether their cultural path varied over time. In conclusion, the diversification of the quasi-cohorts' practices was examined to estimate whether or not they became more omnivorous with time and from one quasi-cohort to another. The explanatory model displays the differences in cultural paths based on life history, and over time. It also brings to light the differences from one generation to another, as well as the differences between generations sharing the same life history. These results, unlike Peterson's (2004), do not conclusively show that older quasi-cohorts are more omnivorous than before nor that young people are more omnivorous than their elders. The objective of the third section of this work was to see whether Quebec's administrative regions, when studied from the angle of cultural practices, are divided according to the classification of regional cultural spaces developed by Harvey and Fortin (1995) based on cultural offering. The findings show that groupings do not always fall within the classification and that practices are very heterogeneous, which makes establishing consistency within the groupings difficult. Therefore, when comparing the territories, it seems appropriate to account for the object (e.g., cultural offering or practice), the territorial scale (e.g., municipal library or national museum) and the nature of the product or practice (e.g., mobile or stationary). In conclusion, the relevance of expanding the cultural practices measured in the survey and including overriding phenomena such as values, constraints and motivation was called into question. For example, a study of motivation could clarify the omnivore pattern in Quebec. It also seems relevant to continue the reflection by studying how cultural practices are consumed, in order to see if, and how, the distinction is made
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