How safe are school and bus environments? Parents’ perception of risks and hazards in the emirate of Dubai

© 2020 Institution of Occupational Safety and Health. The increasing numbers of school bus injuries in the United Arab Emirates have generated concerns over children’s safety on school buses and around school premises. A survey was administered on 550 parents or guardians, whose children use the school bus in public and private schools of Dubai. The main objective was to assess parental perceptions of the school bus and school environments. Parents identified several factors that pose a threat to bus safety including speeding cars, poor driving, lack of seat belt use enforcement, lack of supervision, motorists’ lack of understanding of school bus stop law, and children behaviour. Results suggest a deficiency in the communication of information regarding bus safety and behavioural policies. The study also highlights parents’ concerns over safety in relation to the school bus transport and around school premises, and emphasizes the need for safety education, as well as proper provision and communication of safety policies

Evaluation of a New Femoral Fixation Device in a Simulated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro biomechanical study was to determine the cyclic elongation and failure properties of a new anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction device and compare the results with several devices that are currently available. Methods: We performed 10 ACL reconstructions in 4 groups using fresh porcine femurs and doubled lateral extensor of the toes tendons. Manufacturer guidelines were followed for fixation by use of either of 2 cortical suspension devices (XO Button [ConMed Linvatec, Largo, FL] and EndoButton CL [Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA]), a bio-interference screw (BioScrew; ConMed Linvatec), or a corticocancellous fixation device (Pinn-ACL; ConMed Linvatec). Reconstructions were subjected to cyclic loading to 150 N for 2,000 cycles, followed by static failure tests. Results: The two cortical suspension devices performed similarly to one another: the XO Button device had a significantly lower elongation amplitude than the EndoButton (P < .05). There were no significant differences in longer-term creep performance or static strength or stiffness. Compared with an interference screw, the XO Button had significantly less creep and higher failure load (P < .05). The corticocancellous device had the lowest creep and cyclic elongation amplitude and the highest strength and stiffness of the devices tested. Conclusions: In this in vitro evaluation, reconstructions with the XO Button and EndoButton exhibited very similar biomechanical performance, and our hypothesis was not supported: the XO Button did not limit creep more than the EndoButton. Clinical Relevance: The results of this preclinical in vitro testing suggest that the new device is expected to provide clinical results similar to those of the EndoButton, a well-established device for ACL reconstruction