A Mathematica Program for heat source function of 1D heat equation reconstruction by three types of data

We solve an inverse problem for the one-dimensional heat diffusion equation. We reconstruct the heat source function for the three types of data: 1) single position point and different times, 2) constant time and uniformly distributed positions, 3) random position points and different times. First we demonstrate reconstruction using simple inversion of discretized Kernel matrix. Then we apply Tikhonov regularization for two types of the parameter of regularization estimation. The first one, which is in fact exemplary simulation, is based on minimization of the distance in C space of reconstructed function to the initial source function. Second rule is known as Discrepancy principle. We generate the data from the chosen source function. In order to get some measure of accuracy of reconstruction we compare the result with the function from which data was generated. We also deliver corresponding application in symbolic computation environment of Mathematica. The program has a lot of flexibility, it can perform reconstruction for much more general input then one considered in the paper.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Relationship Between Technology Student Association Participation and Soft Skills Development, Controlling for Gender

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between student participation in Technology Student Association and the development of soft skills necessary for gainful employment. This study specifically sought information on relationships between soft skills development and (a) time spent on Technology Student Association activities; (b) competitive event success; (c) assumption of leadership roles; (d) gender. Data were provided by Pennsylvania Technology Student Association and consisted of survey responses from middle and high school students who are active Technology Student Association members across the state (n = 229). In addition to descriptive data, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable of soft skills score. As part of the regression analysis, a correlation analysis was also performed to determine the relationship between the independent variables. The independent variables collectively accounted for a significant 16% (R2 = .16) of the variance in soft skills score. Time spent per week was a significant predictor of soft skills score (β = .19) as was the assumption of leadership roles (β = .22). Gender was also a significant predictor of soft skills score as females scored 12.18 points higher than males, after controlling for leadership roles assumed, competitive event success, time spent per week, and years of participation. Additionally, significant relationships were found between the following variables: leadership roles assumed and years of participation (r [227] = .52, p \u3c .001), leadership roles assumed and time spent per week (r [227] = .18, p =.005), leadership roles assumed and competitive event success (r [227] = .50, p \u3c .001), leadership roles assumed and soft skills score (r [227] = .23, p \u3c .001), time spent per week and soft skills score (r [227] = .23, p \u3c .001), time spent per week and competitive event success (r [227] = .14, p =.039), and years of participation and competitive event success (r [227] = .54, p \u3c .001)

Enabling decentral collaborative innovation processes - a web based real time collaboration platform

The main goal of this paper is to define a collaborative innovation process as well as a supporting tool. It is motivated through the increasing competition on global markets and the resultant propagation of decentralized projects with a high demand of innovative collaboration in global contexts. It bases on a project accomplished by the author group. A detailed literature review and the action design research methodology of the project led to an enhanced process model for decentral collaborative innovation processes and a basic realization of a browser based real time tool to enable these processes. The initial evaluation in a practical distributed setting has shown that the created tool is a useful way to support collaborative innovation processes.Comment: multikonferenz wirtschaftsinformati

Preferred Conformers and Photochemical (λ > 200 nm) Reactivity of Serine and 3,3-Dideutero-Serine In the Neutral Form

A systematic investigation of the conformational potential energy surface of neutral serine [HOCH2CHNH2COOH] and 3,3-dideutero-serine [HOCD2CHNH2COOH] was undertaken, revealing the existence of 61 different minima. The structures and vibrational spectra of the most stable conformers, which were estimated to have relative energies within 7 kJ mol-1 and account for ca. 93% of the total conformational population at room temperature, were calculated at both the MP2 and DFT/BLYP levels of theory with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis-set and used to interpret the spectroscopic data obtained for the compounds isolated in low-temperature inert matrixes. The assignment of the main spectral infrared features observed in the range 4000−400 cm-1 to the most stable conformers of serine was undertaken. In addition, UV irradiation (λ > 200 nm) of the matrix-isolated compounds was also performed, leading to decarboxylation, which was found to be strongly dependent on the conformation assumed by the reactant molecule

The effects of social norms on motivation crowding: experimental evidence from the Tibetan Plateau

A growing literature examines conditions under which financial incentives for behavior change can undermine "crowd out" or reinforce ("crowd in") other sources of motivation for the behavior in question. Some of this literature points to a potential role of social norms, but it has not attempted to quantify that role. We present an interdisciplinary model from economics and communication science that measures the effects of financial incentives on social norms and their joint effects on behavior, including after incentives have ended. In a framed field experiment with Tibetan herders in Qinghai, China, we find that a temporary payment for participation in a patrol against illegal wildlife trapping reinforces a perceived injunctive norm that this conservation behavior meets with social approval. This norm remains heightened even after the payment has ended, continuing to positively influence the decision to participate in anti-trapping patrols in the experiment. This finding suggests that, under certain circumstances, a carefully framed incentive for conservation behavior can support injunctive norms in favor of conservation behavior.USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project [MICL02244, MICL02173, MICL02362]; National Science Foundation [SMA-1328503]This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Combination of the Photogrammetric and Microwave Remote Sensing for Cultural Heritage Documentation and Preservation– Preliminary Results

Nowadays, cultural heritage is an integral part of modern societies and it is necessary to preserve the tangible and intangible evidences of the past. Cultural heritage objects and sites are being devastated by natural causes and human acts. There are many existing techniques for structural health monitoring, but in the cultural heritage area, there is a need for a non-destructive measurements. The main advantages and drawbacks of some of these technologies have been presented for both laser scanner and photogrammetry techniques. The aim of this article is to present the integration of existing methods for spatial documentation (classical surveying, laser scanner, photogrammetry) and structures health monitoring using electromagnetic spectroscopy. The multi-sensor platform was developed to characterise and analyse various building materials such as marble, sandstone and bricks. The spatial techniques were used for generation of architectural documentation and geolocalisation of the multi-sensor platform. The preliminary results demonstrated that the proposed technology enables commonly used image and rage-based surface measurements as well as measurements through the entire structure for more detailed analysi

The quality assessment of different geolocalisation methods for a sensor system to monitor structural health of monumental objects

Cultural heritage objects are affected by a wide range of factors causing their deterioration and decay over time such as ground deformations, changes in hydrographic conditions, vibrations or excess of moisture, which can cause scratches and cracks formation in case of historic buildings. The electromagnetic spectroscopy has been widely used for non-destructive structural health monitoring of concrete structures. However, the limitation of this technology is a lack of geolocalisation in the space for multispectral architectural documentation. The aim of this study is to examine different geolocalisation methods in order to determine the position of the sensor system, which will then allow to georeference the results of measurements performed by this device and apply corrections to the sensor response, which is a crucial element required for further data processing related to the object structure and its features. The classical surveying, terrestrial laser scanning and SfM photogrammetry methods were used in this investigation at three test sites. The methods were reviewed and investigated. The results indicated that TLS technique should be applied for simple structures and plain textures, while the SfM technique should be used for marble-based and other translucent or semi-translucent structures in order to achieve the highest accuracy for geolocalisation of proposed sensor system

Some limitations in the use of the mitochondrial DNA cytb gene as a molecular marker for phylogenetic and population genetic studies by the example of the Apodemus genus

The interpretation of a signal sent by the mtDNA cytb gene as a molecular marker in phylogenetic and population genetic research can be complicated by cumulative influence of parallel mutations, i.e., the entropy of nucleotide sequences. Such a phenomenon impedes differentiation among the effects of hybridization, natural polymorphisms, and artifacts imposed by pseudogenes. We analyzed possible limitations in the use of the mtDNA cytb gene as a molecular marker by the example of the Apodemus genus. For this purpose, the entropy of nucleotide sequences was calculated, and probable tracts of gene conversion were sought in samples of various Apodemus species from Tibet, Korea, south of Russian Primorye, and Western Europe. Many haplotypes were identified as containing tracts of gene conversion. The high level of nucleotide sequence variability was found in species from Tibet, particularly, in A. draco, presumably due to the influence of low effective sizes of populations on the speed of point mutation accumulation and also cytochrome b role in the adaptation to unfavorable environment. The effects of hypervariability in cytb nucleotide sequences of some samplings resulting in entropy growth imitating gene conversion when compared to other species of the genus were analyzed. Examples of possible pseudogene interference among published cytb sequences are provided. It is suggested that the strategy in the use of the mtDNA cytb gene in population genetics and phylogenetics should be adapted to the degree of the gene variability. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of close control over sequencing data