9 research outputs found
Comparison between alternative intervention solutions in a two-storey building for the addition of an extra storey
The inferiorly based gastrocnemius muscle flap: Anatomic aspects
The arterial communication between the gastrocnemius muscle heads
through their lowest anastomotic arteriole bundle alone was examined in
specimens from 14 fresh cadavers. In 3 specimens, the larger vessels in
close vicinity to the lowest vessels were preserved as well. Distinct
communication between the arterial networks of the heads was
demonstrated in all cases after injecting dyes through both sural
arteries or into die lateral sural artery and the lowest anastomotic
arteriole in 11 and 3 specimens, respectively. Therefore, it seems that
one head can be adequately supplied from the contralateral one through
their lowest anastomotic arteriole(s); nevertheless, the location of
this vessel varies significantly and cannot be detected preoperatively.
Measurements demonstrated that although this vessel is not found at a
constant level, it is invariably detected in the lower third of the
medial gastrocnemius head’s length and, in 93 percent of cases, in the
lower fourth. Thus, rough preoperative planning becomes feasible.
Given that the venous communication between the heads has been
documented as well, the authors think that an inferiorly based flap of
the medial gastrocnemius head for defects of the middle third of the
tibia might be both reliable and applicable; however, for reasons of
safety, the muscle heads should remain attached along their lower third
The arterial communication between the gastrocnemius muscle heads: A fresh cadaveric study and clinical implications
The purpose of this investigation was to describe the anatomy of the
communicating (anastomotic) vessels between the gastrocnemius muscle
heads and to record the extent of their supply potential. Ensuing
clinical implications are discussed.
Fourteen fresh cadaveric gastrocnemius muscles were examined. Detailed
dissections of the communicating vessels were facilitated after
injections of methylene blue or cadaveric blood solutions through the
medial, lateral, or both sural arteries. The extent of the arterial
cross-supply between the muscles’ heads through these vessels was
determined in eight specimens after methylene blue perfusions through
the lateral sural arteries, while one specimen was examined after
injection of methylene blue and yellow ink through the lateral and
medial sural arteries, respectively.
Communicating vessels were detected in all 14 specimens. A mean number
of 5.8 vascular bundles and single vessels was found. The bundles
consisted of arterioles and, as all indications suggested, of
concomitant venules as well. Regarding arterial cross-supply, it was
clearly evident that each head could be vascularized solely from the
contralateral one, mostly through these bundles. However, even if only a
part of the bundles was preserved intact, vasculature was not affected
The biceps femoris short head muscle flap: An experimental anatomical study
The vascular communication between the heads of the biceps femoris
muscle has been established after 25 cadaveric dissections. Perfusions
of dye through the long or the short head consistently showed 1-2
anastomotic bundles. Outflow of dye opposite to the site of the perfused
head was remarkable in most cases. Intramuscular dissections disclosed
broad and well structured vascular networks in all short heads, but this
was not true for all long heads. Our observations suggest that the
anastomotic vessels alone might support the short head which, when
released from its profunda femoris vessels, is adequate to cover lateral
knee defects. Depending on the level of the anastomotic vessels, the
proximal or the distal part of the short head should be used. A pedicled
flap may be used as well, whereas transsection of the biceps tendon
offers additional mobility
Single-Stage Adipofascial Turnover Flap as an Alternate Option for Large Nasal Defects Usually Requiring Two-Stage Forehead Flap
Molecular aspects of the H2 activation on MoS2 based catalysts - the role of dynamic surface arrangements
10.1097/01.PRS.0000141485.83476.89Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery11461665-1666PRSU